Triple

T7129924

Position	Surface form	Disambiguated ID	Type / Status
Subject	George C. Williams	`E166159`	entity
Predicate	notableWork	`P4`	FINISHED
Object	Adaptation and Natural Selection Adaptation and Natural Selection is a landmark 1966 evolutionary biology book by George C. Williams that rigorously defends natural selection at the gene level and critiques group-selectionist explanations of adaptation.	`E644388`	NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini

Instruction

Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).

Input

Phrase: Adaptation and Natural Selection | Statement: [George C. Williams, notableWork, Adaptation and Natural Selection]

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Adaptation and Natural Selection
Context triple: [George C. Williams, notableWork, Adaptation and Natural Selection]

A. The Causes of Evolution
The Causes of Evolution is a foundational 1932 book by geneticist J. B. S. Haldane that helped establish the modern synthesis by mathematically integrating Mendelian genetics with Darwinian natural selection.
B. Evolution and Adaptation
"Evolution and Adaptation" is a scientific work by geneticist Thomas Hunt Morgan that examines how evolutionary processes shape organisms’ traits and their capacity to adjust to changing environments.
C. What Evolution Is
What Evolution Is is a comprehensive book by evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr that explains the mechanisms, evidence, and implications of biological evolution for a general audience.
D. Genetics of the Evolutionary Process
Genetics of the Evolutionary Process is a seminal work in evolutionary biology that synthesizes genetic principles with natural selection to explain how evolutionary change occurs within and between populations.
E. The Meaning of Evolution
The Meaning of Evolution is a landmark 1949 book by paleontologist George Gaylord Simpson that helped synthesize evolutionary theory with the fossil record and popularize modern evolutionary biology.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1

Instruction

Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"

Input

Entity: Adaptation and Natural Selection
Triple: [George C. Williams, notableWork, Adaptation and Natural Selection]

Generated description

Adaptation and Natural Selection is a landmark 1966 evolutionary biology book by George C. Williams that rigorously defends natural selection at the gene level and critiques group-selectionist explanations of adaptation.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Adaptation and Natural Selection
Target entity description: Adaptation and Natural Selection is a landmark 1966 evolutionary biology book by George C. Williams that rigorously defends natural selection at the gene level and critiques group-selectionist explanations of adaptation.

A. The Causes of Evolution
The Causes of Evolution is a foundational 1932 book by geneticist J. B. S. Haldane that helped establish the modern synthesis by mathematically integrating Mendelian genetics with Darwinian natural selection.
B. Evolution and Adaptation
"Evolution and Adaptation" is a scientific work by geneticist Thomas Hunt Morgan that examines how evolutionary processes shape organisms’ traits and their capacity to adjust to changing environments.
C. What Evolution Is
What Evolution Is is a comprehensive book by evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr that explains the mechanisms, evidence, and implications of biological evolution for a general audience.
D. Genetics of the Evolutionary Process
Genetics of the Evolutionary Process is a seminal work in evolutionary biology that synthesizes genetic principles with natural selection to explain how evolutionary change occurs within and between populations.
E. The Meaning of Evolution
The Meaning of Evolution is a landmark 1949 book by paleontologist George Gaylord Simpson that helped synthesize evolutionary theory with the fossil record and popularize modern evolutionary biology.
F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step	Stage	Batch ID	Status	When
creating	Elicitation	`batch_69c6888350588190870cd552b427a1cd`	completed	March 27, 2026, 1:39 p.m.
NER	Named-entity recognition	`batch_69c6e66c87848190b0ffd08e3c3f4877`	completed	March 27, 2026, 8:19 p.m.
NED1	Entity disambiguation (via context triple)	`batch_69c7a33bf244819096db1351ebf62413`	completed	March 28, 2026, 9:45 a.m.
NEDg	Description generation	`batch_69c7a45ce628819085343c30f2886a95`	completed	March 28, 2026, 9:50 a.m.
NED2	Entity disambiguation (via description)	`batch_69c7a60ac4348190a623522f2d8199e9`	completed	March 28, 2026, 9:57 a.m.

Created at: March 27, 2026, 2:44 p.m.