Triple

T6938877
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Rydberg constant E160621 entity
Predicate appearsIn P795 FINISHED
Object Rydberg–Ritz combination principle
The Rydberg–Ritz combination principle is a rule in atomic spectroscopy stating that the frequencies (or wavenumbers) of spectral lines can be expressed as differences between terms in a series, enabling systematic prediction and classification of atomic spectra.
E629519 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Rydberg–Ritz combination principle | Statement: [Rydberg constant, appearsIn, Rydberg–Ritz combination principle]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Rydberg–Ritz combination principle
Context triple: [Rydberg constant, appearsIn, Rydberg–Ritz combination principle]
  • A. Rydberg constant
    The Rydberg constant is a fundamental physical constant that characterizes the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (or lowest wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, playing a key role in atomic spectroscopy and quantum theory.
  • B. Franck–Condon principle
    The Franck–Condon principle is a rule in molecular spectroscopy that explains the intensity distribution of vibronic transitions by assuming electronic transitions occur much faster than nuclear motion, making vertical transitions between vibrational states most probable.
  • C. Kirchhoff's three laws of spectroscopy
    Kirchhoff's three laws of spectroscopy are foundational principles in physics that explain how continuous, emission, and absorption spectra arise from interactions between matter and radiation.
  • D. Atombau und Spektrallinien
    *Atombau und Spektrallinien* is Arnold Sommerfeld’s influential textbook on atomic structure and spectral lines that helped shape the development of early quantum theory.
  • E. Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935)
    Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935) is a foundational physics monograph by Edward Condon that systematically develops the quantum-mechanical theory underlying atomic spectral lines and their structure.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Rydberg–Ritz combination principle
Triple: [Rydberg constant, appearsIn, Rydberg–Ritz combination principle]
Generated description
The Rydberg–Ritz combination principle is a rule in atomic spectroscopy stating that the frequencies (or wavenumbers) of spectral lines can be expressed as differences between terms in a series, enabling systematic prediction and classification of atomic spectra.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Rydberg–Ritz combination principle
Target entity description: The Rydberg–Ritz combination principle is a rule in atomic spectroscopy stating that the frequencies (or wavenumbers) of spectral lines can be expressed as differences between terms in a series, enabling systematic prediction and classification of atomic spectra.
  • A. Rydberg constant
    The Rydberg constant is a fundamental physical constant that characterizes the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (or lowest wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, playing a key role in atomic spectroscopy and quantum theory.
  • B. Franck–Condon principle
    The Franck–Condon principle is a rule in molecular spectroscopy that explains the intensity distribution of vibronic transitions by assuming electronic transitions occur much faster than nuclear motion, making vertical transitions between vibrational states most probable.
  • C. Kirchhoff's three laws of spectroscopy
    Kirchhoff's three laws of spectroscopy are foundational principles in physics that explain how continuous, emission, and absorption spectra arise from interactions between matter and radiation.
  • D. Atombau und Spektrallinien
    *Atombau und Spektrallinien* is Arnold Sommerfeld’s influential textbook on atomic structure and spectral lines that helped shape the development of early quantum theory.
  • E. Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935)
    Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935) is a foundational physics monograph by Edward Condon that systematically develops the quantum-mechanical theory underlying atomic spectral lines and their structure.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69c6884f3db4819080ad65da69386206 completed March 27, 2026, 1:38 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69c6da62d2f88190968d3fea538a95c9 completed March 27, 2026, 7:28 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69c7515509148190b5739cdf8cd7a28a completed March 28, 2026, 3:56 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69c752c9b3d08190960d3c1aa88a93a7 completed March 28, 2026, 4:02 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69c7537ea24c819081bb672d43d4a373 completed March 28, 2026, 4:05 a.m.
Created at: March 27, 2026, 2:28 p.m.