Triple
T6938877
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Rydberg constant |
E160621
|
entity |
| Predicate | appearsIn |
P795
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Rydberg–Ritz combination principle
The Rydberg–Ritz combination principle is a rule in atomic spectroscopy stating that the frequencies (or wavenumbers) of spectral lines can be expressed as differences between terms in a series, enabling systematic prediction and classification of atomic spectra.
|
E629519
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Rydberg–Ritz combination principle | Statement: [Rydberg constant, appearsIn, Rydberg–Ritz combination principle]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Rydberg–Ritz combination principle Context triple: [Rydberg constant, appearsIn, Rydberg–Ritz combination principle]
-
A.
Rydberg constant
The Rydberg constant is a fundamental physical constant that characterizes the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (or lowest wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, playing a key role in atomic spectroscopy and quantum theory.
-
B.
Franck–Condon principle
The Franck–Condon principle is a rule in molecular spectroscopy that explains the intensity distribution of vibronic transitions by assuming electronic transitions occur much faster than nuclear motion, making vertical transitions between vibrational states most probable.
-
C.
Kirchhoff's three laws of spectroscopy
Kirchhoff's three laws of spectroscopy are foundational principles in physics that explain how continuous, emission, and absorption spectra arise from interactions between matter and radiation.
-
D.
Atombau und Spektrallinien
*Atombau und Spektrallinien* is Arnold Sommerfeld’s influential textbook on atomic structure and spectral lines that helped shape the development of early quantum theory.
-
E.
Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935)
Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935) is a foundational physics monograph by Edward Condon that systematically develops the quantum-mechanical theory underlying atomic spectral lines and their structure.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Rydberg–Ritz combination principle Triple: [Rydberg constant, appearsIn, Rydberg–Ritz combination principle]
Generated description
The Rydberg–Ritz combination principle is a rule in atomic spectroscopy stating that the frequencies (or wavenumbers) of spectral lines can be expressed as differences between terms in a series, enabling systematic prediction and classification of atomic spectra.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Rydberg–Ritz combination principle Target entity description: The Rydberg–Ritz combination principle is a rule in atomic spectroscopy stating that the frequencies (or wavenumbers) of spectral lines can be expressed as differences between terms in a series, enabling systematic prediction and classification of atomic spectra.
-
A.
Rydberg constant
The Rydberg constant is a fundamental physical constant that characterizes the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (or lowest wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, playing a key role in atomic spectroscopy and quantum theory.
-
B.
Franck–Condon principle
The Franck–Condon principle is a rule in molecular spectroscopy that explains the intensity distribution of vibronic transitions by assuming electronic transitions occur much faster than nuclear motion, making vertical transitions between vibrational states most probable.
-
C.
Kirchhoff's three laws of spectroscopy
Kirchhoff's three laws of spectroscopy are foundational principles in physics that explain how continuous, emission, and absorption spectra arise from interactions between matter and radiation.
-
D.
Atombau und Spektrallinien
*Atombau und Spektrallinien* is Arnold Sommerfeld’s influential textbook on atomic structure and spectral lines that helped shape the development of early quantum theory.
-
E.
Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935)
Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935) is a foundational physics monograph by Edward Condon that systematically develops the quantum-mechanical theory underlying atomic spectral lines and their structure.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69c6884f3db4819080ad65da69386206 |
completed | March 27, 2026, 1:38 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69c6da62d2f88190968d3fea538a95c9 |
completed | March 27, 2026, 7:28 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69c7515509148190b5739cdf8cd7a28a |
completed | March 28, 2026, 3:56 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69c752c9b3d08190960d3c1aa88a93a7 |
completed | March 28, 2026, 4:02 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69c7537ea24c819081bb672d43d4a373 |
completed | March 28, 2026, 4:05 a.m. |
Created at: March 27, 2026, 2:28 p.m.