Triple

T692432
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Isadore Singer E13822 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Atiyah–Singer index theorem
The Atiyah–Singer index theorem is a fundamental result in mathematics that links the analytical properties of elliptic differential operators to topological invariants of manifolds, unifying analysis, topology, and geometry.
E84379 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Atiyah–Singer index theorem | Statement: [Isadore Singer, notableWork, Atiyah–Singer index theorem]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Atiyah–Singer index theorem
Context triple: [Isadore Singer, notableWork, Atiyah–Singer index theorem]
  • A. Riemann–Roch theorem
    The Riemann–Roch theorem is a fundamental result in algebraic geometry and complex analysis that relates the dimension of spaces of meromorphic sections of a line bundle on a curve to topological data such as genus and degree.
  • B. Nash embedding theorem
    The Nash embedding theorem is a fundamental result in differential geometry that shows any Riemannian manifold can be isometrically embedded into some Euclidean space, thereby realizing abstract curved spaces as concrete subsets of standard Euclidean space.
  • C. Hilbert’s syzygy theorem
    Hilbert’s syzygy theorem is a fundamental result in commutative algebra that describes the finite length and structure of free resolutions of modules over polynomial rings.
  • D. Gauss–Bonnet theorem (early form)
    The Gauss–Bonnet theorem (early form) is an early version of the fundamental result in differential geometry that links the total curvature of a surface to its topological characteristics, originally developed by Carl Friedrich Gauss.
  • E. Whitney approximation theorem
    The Whitney approximation theorem is a fundamental result in differential topology stating that any continuous function between smooth manifolds can be uniformly approximated by smooth functions.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Atiyah–Singer index theorem
Triple: [Isadore Singer, notableWork, Atiyah–Singer index theorem]
Generated description
The Atiyah–Singer index theorem is a fundamental result in mathematics that links the analytical properties of elliptic differential operators to topological invariants of manifolds, unifying analysis, topology, and geometry.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Atiyah–Singer index theorem
Target entity description: The Atiyah–Singer index theorem is a fundamental result in mathematics that links the analytical properties of elliptic differential operators to topological invariants of manifolds, unifying analysis, topology, and geometry.
  • A. Riemann–Roch theorem
    The Riemann–Roch theorem is a fundamental result in algebraic geometry and complex analysis that relates the dimension of spaces of meromorphic sections of a line bundle on a curve to topological data such as genus and degree.
  • B. Nash embedding theorem
    The Nash embedding theorem is a fundamental result in differential geometry that shows any Riemannian manifold can be isometrically embedded into some Euclidean space, thereby realizing abstract curved spaces as concrete subsets of standard Euclidean space.
  • C. Hilbert’s syzygy theorem
    Hilbert’s syzygy theorem is a fundamental result in commutative algebra that describes the finite length and structure of free resolutions of modules over polynomial rings.
  • D. Gauss–Bonnet theorem (early form)
    The Gauss–Bonnet theorem (early form) is an early version of the fundamental result in differential geometry that links the total curvature of a surface to its topological characteristics, originally developed by Carl Friedrich Gauss.
  • E. Whitney approximation theorem
    The Whitney approximation theorem is a fundamental result in differential topology stating that any continuous function between smooth manifolds can be uniformly approximated by smooth functions.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a493406c408190957eeec9048a8fb6 completed March 1, 2026, 7:28 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4a0b05f2c8190876c73db15b489a2 completed March 1, 2026, 8:25 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a5dca7871c81909ea5a4ccb5dcd47d completed March 2, 2026, 6:53 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a5e3cbf4208190a541f64e44ea5317 completed March 2, 2026, 7:23 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a6093e95a88190bfba326310e8006f completed March 2, 2026, 10:03 p.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:36 p.m.