Triple
T665583
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Arthur Cecil Pigou |
E12852
|
entity |
| Predicate | knownFor |
P22
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Pigouvian taxes
Pigouvian taxes are corrective taxes designed to address negative externalities by aligning private costs with social costs, thereby improving overall economic efficiency.
|
E82233
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Pigouvian taxes | Statement: [Arthur Cecil Pigou, knownFor, Pigouvian taxes]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Pigouvian taxes Context triple: [Arthur Cecil Pigou, knownFor, Pigouvian taxes]
-
A.
Laffer curve
The Laffer curve is an economic theory that illustrates the relationship between tax rates and government revenue, suggesting that beyond a certain point higher tax rates reduce total revenue by discouraging work and investment.
-
B.
Ricardian equivalence
Ricardian equivalence is an economic theory proposing that consumers anticipate future taxes implied by government borrowing and therefore adjust their saving so that deficit-financed tax cuts do not affect overall demand.
-
C.
Ricardian rent
Ricardian rent is an economic concept describing the extra income earned from land or other fixed resources due to their superior productivity compared to the least productive (marginal) resources in use.
-
D.
The Economics of Exhaustible Resources
The Economics of Exhaustible Resources is a seminal work in environmental and resource economics that develops the theoretical foundations for how societies should optimally use and manage finite natural resources over time.
-
E.
Ways and Means
Ways and Means is a short economic and political treatise by Xenophon that proposes practical financial and administrative reforms to strengthen Athens.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Pigouvian taxes Triple: [Arthur Cecil Pigou, knownFor, Pigouvian taxes]
Generated description
Pigouvian taxes are corrective taxes designed to address negative externalities by aligning private costs with social costs, thereby improving overall economic efficiency.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Pigouvian taxes Target entity description: Pigouvian taxes are corrective taxes designed to address negative externalities by aligning private costs with social costs, thereby improving overall economic efficiency.
-
A.
Laffer curve
The Laffer curve is an economic theory that illustrates the relationship between tax rates and government revenue, suggesting that beyond a certain point higher tax rates reduce total revenue by discouraging work and investment.
-
B.
Ricardian equivalence
Ricardian equivalence is an economic theory proposing that consumers anticipate future taxes implied by government borrowing and therefore adjust their saving so that deficit-financed tax cuts do not affect overall demand.
-
C.
Ricardian rent
Ricardian rent is an economic concept describing the extra income earned from land or other fixed resources due to their superior productivity compared to the least productive (marginal) resources in use.
-
D.
The Economics of Exhaustible Resources
The Economics of Exhaustible Resources is a seminal work in environmental and resource economics that develops the theoretical foundations for how societies should optimally use and manage finite natural resources over time.
-
E.
Ways and Means
Ways and Means is a short economic and political treatise by Xenophon that proposes practical financial and administrative reforms to strengthen Athens.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a493355dec819098d4244b2fa34885 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 7:27 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a49fd4f4988190a0973ceb7329b4c9 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 8:21 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69a5c39abcbc819093797700dc32d25a |
completed | March 2, 2026, 5:06 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69a5c564d368819082b877f43236d949 |
completed | March 2, 2026, 5:14 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69a5cca1851c81908e57e75dc217e517 |
completed | March 2, 2026, 5:45 p.m. |
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:36 p.m.