Triple

T65815
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject FLRW cosmological models E1311 entity
Predicate namedAfter P63 FINISHED
Object Alexander Friedmann
Alexander Friedmann was a Russian physicist and mathematician who first formulated the expanding-universe solutions to Einstein’s field equations, laying the foundations of modern cosmology.
E15307 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Alexander Friedmann | Statement: [FLRW cosmological models, namedAfter, Alexander Friedmann]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Alexander Friedmann
Context triple: [FLRW cosmological models, namedAfter, Alexander Friedmann]
  • A. Karl Schwarzschild
    Karl Schwarzschild was a German physicist and astronomer best known for providing the first exact solution to Einstein’s field equations, leading to the concept of the Schwarzschild radius and black holes.
  • B. Richard C. Tolman
    Richard C. Tolman was an American physicist and physical chemist known for his contributions to statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, and cosmology, as well as his scientific advisory roles during World War II.
  • C. Hermann Minkowski
    Hermann Minkowski was a German mathematician and physicist best known for formulating the four-dimensional spacetime framework that underpins the theory of relativity.
  • D. David Hilbert
    David Hilbert was a pioneering German mathematician whose foundational work in fields such as invariant theory, axiomatic systems, and functional analysis profoundly shaped modern mathematics.
  • E. Felix Klein
    Felix Klein was a German mathematician renowned for his work in group theory, non-Euclidean geometry, and the Erlangen Program, which redefined the foundations of geometry.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Alexander Friedmann
Triple: [FLRW cosmological models, namedAfter, Alexander Friedmann]
Generated description
Alexander Friedmann was a Russian physicist and mathematician who first formulated the expanding-universe solutions to Einstein’s field equations, laying the foundations of modern cosmology.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Alexander Friedmann
Target entity description: Alexander Friedmann was a Russian physicist and mathematician who first formulated the expanding-universe solutions to Einstein’s field equations, laying the foundations of modern cosmology.
  • A. Karl Schwarzschild
    Karl Schwarzschild was a German physicist and astronomer best known for providing the first exact solution to Einstein’s field equations, leading to the concept of the Schwarzschild radius and black holes.
  • B. Richard C. Tolman
    Richard C. Tolman was an American physicist and physical chemist known for his contributions to statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, and cosmology, as well as his scientific advisory roles during World War II.
  • C. Hermann Minkowski
    Hermann Minkowski was a German mathematician and physicist best known for formulating the four-dimensional spacetime framework that underpins the theory of relativity.
  • D. David Hilbert
    David Hilbert was a pioneering German mathematician whose foundational work in fields such as invariant theory, axiomatic systems, and functional analysis profoundly shaped modern mathematics.
  • E. Felix Klein
    Felix Klein was a German mathematician renowned for his work in group theory, non-Euclidean geometry, and the Erlangen Program, which redefined the foundations of geometry.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a24ba4f760819081f6638a3c70538a completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:57 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a24ee6ba348190b00977285d74d8f5 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 2:11 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a2aa42201881909b236a42e982a696 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 8:41 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a2abf742d081909f8d79aaacb6b7f8 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 8:48 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a2ac6f577081909dced4081ddb8bcb completed Feb. 28, 2026, 8:50 a.m.
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 2:02 a.m.