Triple
T6155364
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Roy Glauber |
E137306
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Glauber theory of quantum optics
The Glauber theory of quantum optics is a foundational framework that uses quantum field theory to describe the statistical properties of light and coherence in optical phenomena.
|
E443156
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Glauber theory of quantum optics | Statement: [Roy Glauber, notableWork, Glauber theory of quantum optics]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Glauber theory of quantum optics Context triple: [Roy Glauber, notableWork, Glauber theory of quantum optics]
-
A.
Glauber–Sudarshan P function
The Glauber–Sudarshan P function is a quasi-probability distribution in quantum optics that represents quantum states in terms of coherent states, often revealing nonclassical properties through its singular or non-positive behavior.
-
B.
Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect
The Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect is a quantum optical phenomenon in which correlations in the arrival times of identical particles, such as photons, reveal their underlying statistical and coherence properties.
-
C.
Kramers–Heisenberg dispersion formula
The Kramers–Heisenberg dispersion formula is a fundamental quantum mechanical expression that describes how light is scattered by atoms and molecules, forming the basis for understanding phenomena such as Raman scattering and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering.
-
D.
Sommerfeld–Brillouin precursor theory
Sommerfeld–Brillouin precursor theory is a classical electromagnetic wave theory that explains how transient signal fronts (precursors) propagate through dispersive media before the main wave arrives.
-
E.
On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light
"On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light" is Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper that introduced the concept of light quanta (photons), laying the foundation for quantum theory and explaining the photoelectric effect.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Glauber theory of quantum optics Triple: [Roy Glauber, notableWork, Glauber theory of quantum optics]
Generated description
The Glauber theory of quantum optics is a foundational framework that uses quantum field theory to describe the statistical properties of light and coherence in optical phenomena.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Glauber theory of quantum optics Target entity description: The Glauber theory of quantum optics is a foundational framework that uses quantum field theory to describe the statistical properties of light and coherence in optical phenomena.
-
A.
Glauber coherent states
Glauber coherent states are quantum states of the electromagnetic field that most closely resemble classical light waves and form the foundation of quantum optics.
-
B.
Glauber–Sudarshan P function
chosen
The Glauber–Sudarshan P function is a quasi-probability distribution in quantum optics that represents quantum states in terms of coherent states, often revealing nonclassical properties through its singular or non-positive behavior.
-
C.
Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect
The Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect is a quantum optical phenomenon in which correlations in the arrival times of identical particles, such as photons, reveal their underlying statistical and coherence properties.
-
D.
Kramers–Heisenberg dispersion formula
The Kramers–Heisenberg dispersion formula is a fundamental quantum mechanical expression that describes how light is scattered by atoms and molecules, forming the basis for understanding phenomena such as Raman scattering and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering.
-
E.
Sommerfeld–Brillouin precursor theory
Sommerfeld–Brillouin precursor theory is a classical electromagnetic wave theory that explains how transient signal fronts (precursors) propagate through dispersive media before the main wave arrives.
- F. None of above.
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69c008a45d008190832a9e19f5d63406 |
completed | March 22, 2026, 3:20 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69c05d01ddb0819085b5f5338b86a25d |
completed | March 22, 2026, 9:20 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69c141867fac819093a3093aa8251eac |
completed | March 23, 2026, 1:35 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69c14794c3488190874b0a4d2c00514d |
completed | March 23, 2026, 2 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69c1480b10f08190891bfc8488bbaf16 |
completed | March 23, 2026, 2:02 p.m. |
Created at: March 22, 2026, 4:17 p.m.