Triple

T6088161
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Dirac magnetic monopoles E135690 entity
Predicate describedIn P519 FINISHED
Object Dirac 1931 paper on quantized singularities in the electromagnetic field
The Dirac 1931 paper on quantized singularities in the electromagnetic field is a landmark theoretical physics work in which Paul Dirac introduced the concept of magnetic monopoles and showed how their existence would imply the quantization of electric charge.
E566114 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Dirac 1931 paper on quantized singularities in the electromagnetic field | Statement: [Dirac magnetic monopoles, describedIn, Dirac 1931 paper on quantized singularities in the electromagnetic field]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Dirac 1931 paper on quantized singularities in the electromagnetic field
Context triple: [Dirac magnetic monopoles, describedIn, Dirac 1931 paper on quantized singularities in the electromagnetic field]
  • A. Dyson’s proof of equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger–Tomonaga formulations of QED
    Dyson’s proof of equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger–Tomonaga formulations of QED is a landmark theoretical result that rigorously demonstrated the mathematical consistency and mutual compatibility of different approaches to quantum electrodynamics.
  • B. On the Interaction of Elementary Particles I
    "On the Interaction of Elementary Particles I" is a seminal theoretical physics paper by Hideki Yukawa that introduced the meson theory of nuclear forces, laying the groundwork for modern particle physics.
  • C. A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field
    A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field is James Clerk Maxwell’s landmark 1865 paper that mathematically formulated the classical theory of electromagnetism and introduced what are now known as Maxwell’s equations.
  • D. Einstein–Rosen 1935 paper
    The Einstein–Rosen 1935 paper is a seminal work by Albert Einstein and Nathan Rosen that introduced the concept of a "bridge" in spacetime, later known as a wormhole, in the context of general relativity.
  • E. On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light
    "On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light" is Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper that introduced the concept of light quanta (photons), laying the foundation for quantum theory and explaining the photoelectric effect.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Dirac 1931 paper on quantized singularities in the electromagnetic field
Triple: [Dirac magnetic monopoles, describedIn, Dirac 1931 paper on quantized singularities in the electromagnetic field]
Generated description
The Dirac 1931 paper on quantized singularities in the electromagnetic field is a landmark theoretical physics work in which Paul Dirac introduced the concept of magnetic monopoles and showed how their existence would imply the quantization of electric charge.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Dirac 1931 paper on quantized singularities in the electromagnetic field
Target entity description: The Dirac 1931 paper on quantized singularities in the electromagnetic field is a landmark theoretical physics work in which Paul Dirac introduced the concept of magnetic monopoles and showed how their existence would imply the quantization of electric charge.
  • A. Dyson’s proof of equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger–Tomonaga formulations of QED
    Dyson’s proof of equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger–Tomonaga formulations of QED is a landmark theoretical result that rigorously demonstrated the mathematical consistency and mutual compatibility of different approaches to quantum electrodynamics.
  • B. On the Interaction of Elementary Particles I
    "On the Interaction of Elementary Particles I" is a seminal theoretical physics paper by Hideki Yukawa that introduced the meson theory of nuclear forces, laying the groundwork for modern particle physics.
  • C. A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field
    A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field is James Clerk Maxwell’s landmark 1865 paper that mathematically formulated the classical theory of electromagnetism and introduced what are now known as Maxwell’s equations.
  • D. Einstein–Rosen 1935 paper
    The Einstein–Rosen 1935 paper is a seminal work by Albert Einstein and Nathan Rosen that introduced the concept of a "bridge" in spacetime, later known as a wormhole, in the context of general relativity.
  • E. On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light
    "On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light" is Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper that introduced the concept of light quanta (photons), laying the foundation for quantum theory and explaining the photoelectric effect.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69c0087bcc788190b20f093d3a6c60ec completed March 22, 2026, 3:19 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69c057a6f7588190b265d6005fbaf6b3 completed March 22, 2026, 8:57 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69c11d65908c8190a9700c0981dabe9a completed March 23, 2026, 11 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69c11dfb27bc81908c7109debc73249d completed March 23, 2026, 11:03 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69c11e7a5e7881908d5cc70cc11a58cd completed March 23, 2026, 11:05 a.m.
Created at: March 22, 2026, 4:12 p.m.