Triple
T604321
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Hans Bethe |
E11562
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Bethe formula for stopping power
The Bethe formula for stopping power is a fundamental equation in particle physics that quantifies the energy loss of fast charged particles as they pass through matter.
|
E75705
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Bethe formula for stopping power | Statement: [Hans Bethe, notableWork, Bethe formula for stopping power]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bethe formula for stopping power Context triple: [Hans Bethe, notableWork, Bethe formula for stopping power]
-
A.
Herzberg–Teller approximation
The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
-
B.
Huang–Rhys factor
The Huang–Rhys factor is a dimensionless parameter in solid-state and molecular spectroscopy that quantifies the strength of electron–phonon (vibronic) coupling during electronic transitions.
-
C.
Feynman–Hellmann theorem
The Feynman–Hellmann theorem is a result in quantum mechanics that relates the derivative of an energy eigenvalue with respect to a parameter in the Hamiltonian to the expectation value of the corresponding derivative of the Hamiltonian.
-
D.
Smoluchowski coagulation equation
The Smoluchowski coagulation equation is a fundamental integro-differential equation in statistical physics that models how particles undergoing random collisions aggregate over time into larger clusters.
-
E.
Oppenheimer–Phillips process
The Oppenheimer–Phillips process is a nuclear reaction mechanism in which a deuteron interacting with a target nucleus effectively transfers its neutron while the proton is repelled, enabling certain reactions to occur at lower energies than would otherwise be required.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Bethe formula for stopping power Triple: [Hans Bethe, notableWork, Bethe formula for stopping power]
Generated description
The Bethe formula for stopping power is a fundamental equation in particle physics that quantifies the energy loss of fast charged particles as they pass through matter.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bethe formula for stopping power Target entity description: The Bethe formula for stopping power is a fundamental equation in particle physics that quantifies the energy loss of fast charged particles as they pass through matter.
-
A.
Herzberg–Teller approximation
The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
-
B.
Huang–Rhys factor
The Huang–Rhys factor is a dimensionless parameter in solid-state and molecular spectroscopy that quantifies the strength of electron–phonon (vibronic) coupling during electronic transitions.
-
C.
Feynman–Hellmann theorem
The Feynman–Hellmann theorem is a result in quantum mechanics that relates the derivative of an energy eigenvalue with respect to a parameter in the Hamiltonian to the expectation value of the corresponding derivative of the Hamiltonian.
-
D.
Smoluchowski coagulation equation
The Smoluchowski coagulation equation is a fundamental integro-differential equation in statistical physics that models how particles undergoing random collisions aggregate over time into larger clusters.
-
E.
Oppenheimer–Phillips process
The Oppenheimer–Phillips process is a nuclear reaction mechanism in which a deuteron interacting with a target nucleus effectively transfers its neutron while the proton is repelled, enabling certain reactions to occur at lower energies than would otherwise be required.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a4932779b881908688590d59c71900 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 7:27 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a49dc67b248190b0bb195553f03be8 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 8:12 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69a523898af08190bfa7e73ab6e1c7f3 |
completed | March 2, 2026, 5:43 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69a5242b276c8190a136453a02d59e0a |
completed | March 2, 2026, 5:46 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69a5248026bc819094065322e0930098 |
completed | March 2, 2026, 5:47 a.m. |
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:35 p.m.