Triple

T5944659
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Howard Georgi E132249 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object theory of unparticles
The theory of unparticles is a speculative framework in high-energy physics proposing a scale-invariant sector that behaves unlike ordinary particles, potentially leading to distinctive signatures in particle interactions.
 E557538 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: theory of unparticles | Statement: [Howard Georgi, knownFor, theory of unparticles]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: theory of unparticles
Context triple: [Howard Georgi, knownFor, theory of unparticles]
  • A. ’t Hooft–Veltman gauge
    The ’t Hooft–Veltman gauge is a renormalizable gauge-fixing scheme in quantum field theory, particularly used in non-Abelian gauge theories to simplify calculations and maintain consistency of the theory.
  • B. Surprises in Theoretical Physics
    Surprises in Theoretical Physics is a collection of insightful essays by physicist Rudolf Peierls that explores unexpected results and conceptual twists in modern theoretical physics.
  • C. Particles and Fields
    Particles and Fields is a section of the journal Physical Review D that focuses on research in particle physics, quantum field theory, and related fundamental interactions.
  • D. "Invariance Principles and Elementary Particles"
    "Invariance Principles and Elementary Particles" is a foundational physics text by Jun John Sakurai that develops particle physics and quantum theory using symmetry and invariance principles as central organizing concepts.
  • E. Yang–Mills theory
    Yang–Mills theory is a gauge field theory describing the behavior of non-abelian gauge fields, forming the mathematical foundation for modern particle physics, including the strong and electroweak interactions.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: theory of unparticles
Triple: [Howard Georgi, knownFor, theory of unparticles]
Generated description
The theory of unparticles is a speculative framework in high-energy physics proposing a scale-invariant sector that behaves unlike ordinary particles, potentially leading to distinctive signatures in particle interactions.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: theory of unparticles
Target entity description: The theory of unparticles is a speculative framework in high-energy physics proposing a scale-invariant sector that behaves unlike ordinary particles, potentially leading to distinctive signatures in particle interactions.
  • A. ’t Hooft–Veltman gauge
    The ’t Hooft–Veltman gauge is a renormalizable gauge-fixing scheme in quantum field theory, particularly used in non-Abelian gauge theories to simplify calculations and maintain consistency of the theory.
  • B. Surprises in Theoretical Physics
    Surprises in Theoretical Physics is a collection of insightful essays by physicist Rudolf Peierls that explores unexpected results and conceptual twists in modern theoretical physics.
  • C. Particles and Fields
    Particles and Fields is a section of the journal Physical Review D that focuses on research in particle physics, quantum field theory, and related fundamental interactions.
  • D. "Invariance Principles and Elementary Particles"
    "Invariance Principles and Elementary Particles" is a foundational physics text by Jun John Sakurai that develops particle physics and quantum theory using symmetry and invariance principles as central organizing concepts.
  • E. Yang–Mills theory
    Yang–Mills theory is a gauge field theory describing the behavior of non-abelian gauge fields, forming the mathematical foundation for modern particle physics, including the strong and electroweak interactions.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69c00869d3308190af89b2453e0f7546 completed March 22, 2026, 3:19 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69c03937b4a88190819a1fd63fc3d3ed completed March 22, 2026, 6:47 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69c0c084fce481909c306d6eeb99066d completed March 23, 2026, 4:24 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69c0c19665b08190ab3c66b7c6c33f61 completed March 23, 2026, 4:29 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69c0c4576824819080ced71df8fdda6c completed March 23, 2026, 4:40 a.m.
Created at: March 22, 2026, 4:01 p.m.