Triple

T56441
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject American Astronomical Society E1116 entity
Predicate foundedBy P104 FINISHED
Object Simon Newcomb
Simon Newcomb was a 19th-century Canadian-American astronomer and mathematician renowned for his work in celestial mechanics, astronomical constants, and early studies of what became known as Benford's law.
E27014 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Simon Newcomb | Statement: [American Astronomical Society, foundedBy, Simon Newcomb]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Simon Newcomb
Context triple: [American Astronomical Society, foundedBy, Simon Newcomb]
  • A. Edward Charles Pickering
    Edward Charles Pickering was a pioneering American astronomer and longtime director of the Harvard College Observatory, known for his major contributions to stellar spectroscopy and the classification of stars.
  • B. George Ellery Hale
    George Ellery Hale was an influential American solar astronomer and observatory builder who pioneered modern astrophysics and led the creation of several of the world’s largest telescopes.
  • C. Nathaniel Bowditch
    Nathaniel Bowditch was an American mathematician and astronomer best known for his influential work in celestial navigation and his book "The New American Practical Navigator."
  • D. Frank B. Jewett
    Frank B. Jewett was an American electrical engineer and physicist who served as the first president of Bell Telephone Laboratories and played a major role in organizing U.S. scientific research during World War II.
  • E. Arthur E. Kennelly
    Arthur E. Kennelly was a prominent electrical engineer and physicist known for his pioneering work in alternating current theory and radio science.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Simon Newcomb
Triple: [American Astronomical Society, foundedBy, Simon Newcomb]
Generated description
Simon Newcomb was a 19th-century Canadian-American astronomer and mathematician renowned for his work in celestial mechanics, astronomical constants, and early studies of what became known as Benford's law.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Simon Newcomb
Target entity description: Simon Newcomb was a 19th-century Canadian-American astronomer and mathematician renowned for his work in celestial mechanics, astronomical constants, and early studies of what became known as Benford's law.
  • A. Edward Charles Pickering
    Edward Charles Pickering was a pioneering American astronomer and longtime director of the Harvard College Observatory, known for his major contributions to stellar spectroscopy and the classification of stars.
  • B. George Ellery Hale
    George Ellery Hale was an influential American solar astronomer and observatory builder who pioneered modern astrophysics and led the creation of several of the world’s largest telescopes.
  • C. Nathaniel Bowditch
    Nathaniel Bowditch was an American mathematician and astronomer best known for his influential work in celestial navigation and his book "The New American Practical Navigator."
  • D. Frank B. Jewett
    Frank B. Jewett was an American electrical engineer and physicist who served as the first president of Bell Telephone Laboratories and played a major role in organizing U.S. scientific research during World War II.
  • E. Arthur E. Kennelly
    Arthur E. Kennelly was a prominent electrical engineer and physicist known for his pioneering work in alternating current theory and radio science.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a248adc5b48190aa8db9fb092fb28a completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:45 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a24b07f4a881909e32115e84da02a3 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:55 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a332c400788190bb9beca3246bcf46 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 6:24 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a33361723c8190b2b9132658a8a5f5 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 6:26 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a33727fda08190a740222f5e279130 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 6:42 p.m.
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 1:50 a.m.