Triple

T5613092
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Anthony Hallam E147405 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities: The Causes of Mass Extinctions
*Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities: The Causes of Mass Extinctions* is a scientific book by geologist Anthony Hallam that examines the geological and biological evidence behind major extinction events in Earth's history.
E533982 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities: The Causes of Mass Extinctions | Statement: [Anthony Hallam, notableWork, Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities: The Causes of Mass Extinctions]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities: The Causes of Mass Extinctions
Context triple: [Anthony Hallam, notableWork, Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities: The Causes of Mass Extinctions]
  • A. Phanerozoic mass extinctions
    Phanerozoic mass extinctions are the handful of catastrophic, globally disruptive biodiversity crises over the last ~540 million years that abruptly wiped out large proportions of Earth’s species and reshaped the course of evolution.
  • B. Extinction: The Causes and Consequences of the Disappearance of Species
    Extinction: The Causes and Consequences of the Disappearance of Species is an influential environmental science book examining the drivers, scale, and implications of modern species loss for ecosystems and humanity.
  • C. Late Ordovician mass extinction
    The Late Ordovician mass extinction was one of Earth’s largest biodiversity crises, during which severe climate change and glaciation led to the rapid loss of a substantial portion of marine species.
  • D. On the Imperfection of the Geological Record
    "On the Imperfection of the Geological Record" is a chapter in Charles Darwin's *On the Origin of Species* that addresses why the fossil record is incomplete and how this affects evidence for evolutionary change.
  • E. Carboniferous rainforest collapse
    The Carboniferous rainforest collapse was a mass extinction and fragmentation event of vast tropical coal-forest ecosystems around 305 million years ago, profoundly reshaping terrestrial biodiversity and climate in the late Paleozoic.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities: The Causes of Mass Extinctions
Triple: [Anthony Hallam, notableWork, Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities: The Causes of Mass Extinctions]
Generated description
*Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities: The Causes of Mass Extinctions* is a scientific book by geologist Anthony Hallam that examines the geological and biological evidence behind major extinction events in Earth's history.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities: The Causes of Mass Extinctions
Target entity description: *Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities: The Causes of Mass Extinctions* is a scientific book by geologist Anthony Hallam that examines the geological and biological evidence behind major extinction events in Earth's history.
  • A. Phanerozoic mass extinctions
    Phanerozoic mass extinctions are the handful of catastrophic, globally disruptive biodiversity crises over the last ~540 million years that abruptly wiped out large proportions of Earth’s species and reshaped the course of evolution.
  • B. Extinction: The Causes and Consequences of the Disappearance of Species
    Extinction: The Causes and Consequences of the Disappearance of Species is an influential environmental science book examining the drivers, scale, and implications of modern species loss for ecosystems and humanity.
  • C. Late Ordovician mass extinction
    The Late Ordovician mass extinction was one of Earth’s largest biodiversity crises, during which severe climate change and glaciation led to the rapid loss of a substantial portion of marine species.
  • D. On the Imperfection of the Geological Record
    "On the Imperfection of the Geological Record" is a chapter in Charles Darwin's *On the Origin of Species* that addresses why the fossil record is incomplete and how this affects evidence for evolutionary change.
  • E. Carboniferous rainforest collapse
    The Carboniferous rainforest collapse was a mass extinction and fragmentation event of vast tropical coal-forest ecosystems around 305 million years ago, profoundly reshaping terrestrial biodiversity and climate in the late Paleozoic.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69c00905d4588190bd967842bbcf2219 completed March 22, 2026, 3:21 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69c021226cf88190b70b4b51eb5b4144 completed March 22, 2026, 5:04 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69c0287b14708190bc246e982896ad27 completed March 22, 2026, 5:35 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69c03f8c1a3081908f9d03a6c51d69f0 completed March 22, 2026, 7:14 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69c0404f0a3081908850794f9a5cea40 completed March 22, 2026, 7:17 p.m.
Created at: March 22, 2026, 3:39 p.m.