Triple
T5613092
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Anthony Hallam |
E147405
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities: The Causes of Mass Extinctions
*Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities: The Causes of Mass Extinctions* is a scientific book by geologist Anthony Hallam that examines the geological and biological evidence behind major extinction events in Earth's history.
|
E533982
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities: The Causes of Mass Extinctions | Statement: [Anthony Hallam, notableWork, Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities: The Causes of Mass Extinctions]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities: The Causes of Mass Extinctions Context triple: [Anthony Hallam, notableWork, Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities: The Causes of Mass Extinctions]
-
A.
Phanerozoic mass extinctions
Phanerozoic mass extinctions are the handful of catastrophic, globally disruptive biodiversity crises over the last ~540 million years that abruptly wiped out large proportions of Earth’s species and reshaped the course of evolution.
-
B.
Extinction: The Causes and Consequences of the Disappearance of Species
Extinction: The Causes and Consequences of the Disappearance of Species is an influential environmental science book examining the drivers, scale, and implications of modern species loss for ecosystems and humanity.
-
C.
Late Ordovician mass extinction
The Late Ordovician mass extinction was one of Earth’s largest biodiversity crises, during which severe climate change and glaciation led to the rapid loss of a substantial portion of marine species.
-
D.
On the Imperfection of the Geological Record
"On the Imperfection of the Geological Record" is a chapter in Charles Darwin's *On the Origin of Species* that addresses why the fossil record is incomplete and how this affects evidence for evolutionary change.
-
E.
Carboniferous rainforest collapse
The Carboniferous rainforest collapse was a mass extinction and fragmentation event of vast tropical coal-forest ecosystems around 305 million years ago, profoundly reshaping terrestrial biodiversity and climate in the late Paleozoic.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities: The Causes of Mass Extinctions Triple: [Anthony Hallam, notableWork, Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities: The Causes of Mass Extinctions]
Generated description
*Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities: The Causes of Mass Extinctions* is a scientific book by geologist Anthony Hallam that examines the geological and biological evidence behind major extinction events in Earth's history.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities: The Causes of Mass Extinctions Target entity description: *Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities: The Causes of Mass Extinctions* is a scientific book by geologist Anthony Hallam that examines the geological and biological evidence behind major extinction events in Earth's history.
-
A.
Phanerozoic mass extinctions
Phanerozoic mass extinctions are the handful of catastrophic, globally disruptive biodiversity crises over the last ~540 million years that abruptly wiped out large proportions of Earth’s species and reshaped the course of evolution.
-
B.
Extinction: The Causes and Consequences of the Disappearance of Species
Extinction: The Causes and Consequences of the Disappearance of Species is an influential environmental science book examining the drivers, scale, and implications of modern species loss for ecosystems and humanity.
-
C.
Late Ordovician mass extinction
The Late Ordovician mass extinction was one of Earth’s largest biodiversity crises, during which severe climate change and glaciation led to the rapid loss of a substantial portion of marine species.
-
D.
On the Imperfection of the Geological Record
"On the Imperfection of the Geological Record" is a chapter in Charles Darwin's *On the Origin of Species* that addresses why the fossil record is incomplete and how this affects evidence for evolutionary change.
-
E.
Carboniferous rainforest collapse
The Carboniferous rainforest collapse was a mass extinction and fragmentation event of vast tropical coal-forest ecosystems around 305 million years ago, profoundly reshaping terrestrial biodiversity and climate in the late Paleozoic.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69c00905d4588190bd967842bbcf2219 |
completed | March 22, 2026, 3:21 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69c021226cf88190b70b4b51eb5b4144 |
completed | March 22, 2026, 5:04 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69c0287b14708190bc246e982896ad27 |
completed | March 22, 2026, 5:35 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69c03f8c1a3081908f9d03a6c51d69f0 |
completed | March 22, 2026, 7:14 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69c0404f0a3081908850794f9a5cea40 |
completed | March 22, 2026, 7:17 p.m. |
Created at: March 22, 2026, 3:39 p.m.