Triple
T5425320
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | William Thurston |
E121348
|
entity |
| Predicate | knownFor |
P22
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Thurston norm
The Thurston norm is a topological invariant on the second homology of a 3-manifold that measures the minimal complexity (via Euler characteristic) of embedded surfaces representing a given homology class.
|
E518459
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Thurston norm | Statement: [William Thurston, knownFor, Thurston norm]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Thurston norm Context triple: [William Thurston, knownFor, Thurston norm]
-
A.
Milnor–Wood inequality
The Milnor–Wood inequality is a result in differential geometry and topology that bounds the Euler class of flat circle bundles over surfaces, with important implications for foliations and group actions on the circle.
-
B.
Dehn complex
The Dehn complex is a topological construction introduced by Max Dehn in the study of group presentations and decision problems, encoding relations of a group as a 2-dimensional cell complex.
-
C.
Dehn invariant
The Dehn invariant is a mathematical quantity in geometry that helps determine whether two polyhedra are scissors-congruent, playing a key role in the solution of Hilbert’s third problem.
-
D.
Dehn surgery
Dehn surgery is a fundamental operation in 3-manifold topology that modifies a 3-dimensional manifold by cutting out a solid torus and gluing it back in a different way, playing a central role in the classification and study of 3-manifolds.
-
E.
Dehn function
The Dehn function is a mathematical tool in geometric group theory that measures the complexity of filling loops with discs in a space or group, quantifying the difficulty of solving the word problem.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Thurston norm Triple: [William Thurston, knownFor, Thurston norm]
Generated description
The Thurston norm is a topological invariant on the second homology of a 3-manifold that measures the minimal complexity (via Euler characteristic) of embedded surfaces representing a given homology class.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Thurston norm Target entity description: The Thurston norm is a topological invariant on the second homology of a 3-manifold that measures the minimal complexity (via Euler characteristic) of embedded surfaces representing a given homology class.
-
A.
Milnor–Wood inequality
The Milnor–Wood inequality is a result in differential geometry and topology that bounds the Euler class of flat circle bundles over surfaces, with important implications for foliations and group actions on the circle.
-
B.
Dehn complex
The Dehn complex is a topological construction introduced by Max Dehn in the study of group presentations and decision problems, encoding relations of a group as a 2-dimensional cell complex.
-
C.
Dehn invariant
The Dehn invariant is a mathematical quantity in geometry that helps determine whether two polyhedra are scissors-congruent, playing a key role in the solution of Hilbert’s third problem.
-
D.
Dehn surgery
Dehn surgery is a fundamental operation in 3-manifold topology that modifies a 3-dimensional manifold by cutting out a solid torus and gluing it back in a different way, playing a central role in the classification and study of 3-manifolds.
-
E.
Dehn function
The Dehn function is a mathematical tool in geometric group theory that measures the complexity of filling loops with discs in a space or group, quantifying the difficulty of solving the word problem.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69bd463b58d88190b258261573de9e91 |
completed | March 20, 2026, 1:06 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69bd881598448190a9bb456dee36004b |
completed | March 20, 2026, 5:47 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69bf3abfc7e88190b8f0a31b61c33973 |
completed | March 22, 2026, 12:41 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69bf3b592a08819090e2873bcf4e797f |
completed | March 22, 2026, 12:44 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69bf3c0b9e5481909101eccbd55f24b2 |
completed | March 22, 2026, 12:47 a.m. |
Created at: March 20, 2026, 2:06 p.m.