Triple

T5410534
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Nature E121001 entity
Predicate founder P104 FINISHED
Object Norman Lockyer
Norman Lockyer was a British astronomer best known for co-discovering the element helium in the solar spectrum and for his influential role in popularizing science.
E356574 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Norman Lockyer | Statement: [Nature, founder, Norman Lockyer]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Norman Lockyer
Context triple: [Nature, founder, Norman Lockyer]
  • A. Charles Glover Barkla
    Charles Glover Barkla was a British physicist and Nobel laureate renowned for his pioneering research on X-ray spectroscopy and the characteristic radiation of elements.
  • B. George Stoney
    George Stoney was an Irish physicist and academic best known for introducing the term "electron" for the fundamental unit of electric charge.
  • C. Jules Janssen
    Jules Janssen was a 19th-century French astronomer renowned for his pioneering work in solar spectroscopy and the discovery of helium in the Sun’s spectrum.
  • D. A. Langley
    A. Langley is a computer security and cryptography expert known for contributions to modern internet security protocols and standards.
  • E. Frank Watson Dyson
    Frank Watson Dyson was a prominent British astronomer best known for his role in organizing the 1919 solar eclipse expeditions that provided one of the first major confirmations of Einstein’s general theory of relativity.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Norman Lockyer
Triple: [Nature, founder, Norman Lockyer]
Generated description
Norman Lockyer was a British astronomer best known for co-discovering the element helium in the solar spectrum and for his influential role in popularizing science.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Norman Lockyer
Target entity description: Norman Lockyer was a British astronomer best known for co-discovering the element helium in the solar spectrum and for his influential role in popularizing science.
  • A. Charles Glover Barkla
    Charles Glover Barkla was a British physicist and Nobel laureate renowned for his pioneering research on X-ray spectroscopy and the characteristic radiation of elements.
  • B. George Stoney
    George Stoney was an Irish physicist and academic best known for introducing the term "electron" for the fundamental unit of electric charge.
  • C. Jules Janssen chosen
    Jules Janssen was a 19th-century French astronomer renowned for his pioneering work in solar spectroscopy and the discovery of helium in the Sun’s spectrum.
  • D. A. Langley
    A. Langley is a computer security and cryptography expert known for contributions to modern internet security protocols and standards.
  • E. Frank Watson Dyson
    Frank Watson Dyson was a prominent British astronomer best known for his role in organizing the 1919 solar eclipse expeditions that provided one of the first major confirmations of Einstein’s general theory of relativity.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69bd463a41cc8190b32ff5af2b96ca93 completed March 20, 2026, 1:06 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69bd87985ee0819092a9a5cd6a948138 completed March 20, 2026, 5:44 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69bf339e02dc8190bb2ca6e0a0ef4621 completed March 22, 2026, 12:11 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69bf34b0e22c819091aefd30a5e5a13d completed March 22, 2026, 12:15 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69bf35442cf481908053d3645e6e9968 completed March 22, 2026, 12:18 a.m.
Created at: March 20, 2026, 2:05 p.m.