Triple
T5273894
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | topological quantum field theory |
E119326
|
entity |
| Predicate | producesInvariant |
P490
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Donaldson invariants
Donaldson invariants are sophisticated topological invariants of smooth four-dimensional manifolds derived from moduli spaces of anti-self-dual connections, central to the study of 4-manifold differential topology.
|
E508544
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Donaldson invariants | Statement: [topological quantum field theory, producesInvariant, Donaldson invariants]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Donaldson invariants Context triple: [topological quantum field theory, producesInvariant, Donaldson invariants]
-
A.
Seiberg–Witten theory
Seiberg–Witten theory is a framework in quantum field theory and string theory that uses supersymmetry to exactly analyze strongly coupled gauge theories, leading to profound insights into dualities and four-dimensional topology.
-
B.
Lefschetz fibration
A Lefschetz fibration is a smooth map from a higher-dimensional manifold to a lower-dimensional one whose singularities are modeled on complex Morse-type critical points, playing a central role in symplectic and complex geometry.
-
C.
Atiyah–Bott fixed-point theorem
The Atiyah–Bott fixed-point theorem is a fundamental result in equivariant cohomology that expresses global invariants, such as indices of elliptic operators, in terms of local data at the fixed points of a group action.
-
D.
Atiyah–Singer index theorem
The Atiyah–Singer index theorem is a fundamental result in mathematics that links the analytical properties of elliptic differential operators to topological invariants of manifolds, unifying analysis, topology, and geometry.
-
E.
Dehn surgery
Dehn surgery is a fundamental operation in 3-manifold topology that modifies a 3-dimensional manifold by cutting out a solid torus and gluing it back in a different way, playing a central role in the classification and study of 3-manifolds.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Donaldson invariants Triple: [topological quantum field theory, producesInvariant, Donaldson invariants]
Generated description
Donaldson invariants are sophisticated topological invariants of smooth four-dimensional manifolds derived from moduli spaces of anti-self-dual connections, central to the study of 4-manifold differential topology.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Donaldson invariants Target entity description: Donaldson invariants are sophisticated topological invariants of smooth four-dimensional manifolds derived from moduli spaces of anti-self-dual connections, central to the study of 4-manifold differential topology.
-
A.
Seiberg–Witten theory
Seiberg–Witten theory is a framework in quantum field theory and string theory that uses supersymmetry to exactly analyze strongly coupled gauge theories, leading to profound insights into dualities and four-dimensional topology.
-
B.
Lefschetz fibration
A Lefschetz fibration is a smooth map from a higher-dimensional manifold to a lower-dimensional one whose singularities are modeled on complex Morse-type critical points, playing a central role in symplectic and complex geometry.
-
C.
Atiyah–Bott fixed-point theorem
The Atiyah–Bott fixed-point theorem is a fundamental result in equivariant cohomology that expresses global invariants, such as indices of elliptic operators, in terms of local data at the fixed points of a group action.
-
D.
Atiyah–Singer index theorem
The Atiyah–Singer index theorem is a fundamental result in mathematics that links the analytical properties of elliptic differential operators to topological invariants of manifolds, unifying analysis, topology, and geometry.
-
E.
Dehn surgery
Dehn surgery is a fundamental operation in 3-manifold topology that modifies a 3-dimensional manifold by cutting out a solid torus and gluing it back in a different way, playing a central role in the classification and study of 3-manifolds.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69bd446c38e081908cdaf113bdf86790 |
completed | March 20, 2026, 12:58 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69bd84718f788190ab016ea45878b2a7 |
completed | March 20, 2026, 5:31 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69bf06d1f874819098a9b99f8bb9f654 |
completed | March 21, 2026, 9 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69bf098637148190ab999486de995ee4 |
completed | March 21, 2026, 9:11 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69bf0a1675b8819084024aa2a99ec843 |
completed | March 21, 2026, 9:13 p.m. |
Created at: March 20, 2026, 1:51 p.m.