Triple
T5036922
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Richard W. Hamming |
E113447
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
The Art of Probability for Scientists and Engineers
The Art of Probability for Scientists and Engineers is a textbook by mathematician Richard W. Hamming that presents probability theory with an emphasis on practical applications in science and engineering.
|
E488675
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: The Art of Probability for Scientists and Engineers | Statement: [Richard W. Hamming, notableWork, The Art of Probability for Scientists and Engineers]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Art of Probability for Scientists and Engineers Context triple: [Richard W. Hamming, notableWork, The Art of Probability for Scientists and Engineers]
-
A.
Modern Probability Theory and Its Applications
"Modern Probability Theory and Its Applications" is a foundational textbook by Emanuel Parzen that systematically develops modern probability theory and demonstrates its use in a wide range of statistical and applied contexts.
-
B.
Foundations of Probability
Foundations of Probability is a seminal textbook by mathematician Alfréd Rényi that presents a rigorous, axiomatic treatment of probability theory.
-
C.
Of Knowledge and Probability
"Of Knowledge and Probability" is a section in John Locke’s *An Essay Concerning Human Understanding* that analyzes the nature, degrees, and limits of human knowledge in contrast with mere probability or belief.
-
D.
Logical Foundations of Probability
Logical Foundations of Probability is a seminal philosophical work by Rudolf Carnap that develops a rigorous logical and formal account of probability and inductive reasoning.
-
E.
Foundations of the Theory of Probability
Foundations of the Theory of Probability is a landmark 1933 monograph that rigorously established modern probability theory on an axiomatic measure-theoretic basis.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: The Art of Probability for Scientists and Engineers Triple: [Richard W. Hamming, notableWork, The Art of Probability for Scientists and Engineers]
Generated description
The Art of Probability for Scientists and Engineers is a textbook by mathematician Richard W. Hamming that presents probability theory with an emphasis on practical applications in science and engineering.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Art of Probability for Scientists and Engineers Target entity description: The Art of Probability for Scientists and Engineers is a textbook by mathematician Richard W. Hamming that presents probability theory with an emphasis on practical applications in science and engineering.
-
A.
Modern Probability Theory and Its Applications
"Modern Probability Theory and Its Applications" is a foundational textbook by Emanuel Parzen that systematically develops modern probability theory and demonstrates its use in a wide range of statistical and applied contexts.
-
B.
Foundations of Probability
Foundations of Probability is a seminal textbook by mathematician Alfréd Rényi that presents a rigorous, axiomatic treatment of probability theory.
-
C.
Of Knowledge and Probability
"Of Knowledge and Probability" is a section in John Locke’s *An Essay Concerning Human Understanding* that analyzes the nature, degrees, and limits of human knowledge in contrast with mere probability or belief.
-
D.
Logical Foundations of Probability
Logical Foundations of Probability is a seminal philosophical work by Rudolf Carnap that develops a rigorous logical and formal account of probability and inductive reasoning.
-
E.
Foundations of the Theory of Probability
Foundations of the Theory of Probability is a landmark 1933 monograph that rigorously established modern probability theory on an axiomatic measure-theoretic basis.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69bd44384298819089c49e7c330ec7b8 |
completed | March 20, 2026, 12:57 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69bd73bb069c8190af86f1b2f95f3d95 |
completed | March 20, 2026, 4:20 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69be9c79265081908512b39cc74161f8 |
completed | March 21, 2026, 1:26 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69be9d517df88190bcd682badaca96c8 |
completed | March 21, 2026, 1:29 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69be9dea9de48190805b1e3527b47a00 |
completed | March 21, 2026, 1:32 p.m. |
Created at: March 20, 2026, 1:37 p.m.