Triple

T5036921
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Richard W. Hamming E113447 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Error detecting and error correcting codes
"Error detecting and error correcting codes" is a seminal 1950 paper by Richard W. Hamming that founded the modern theory of error-correcting codes in digital communication and data storage.
E488674 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Error detecting and error correcting codes | Statement: [Richard W. Hamming, notableWork, Error detecting and error correcting codes]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Error detecting and error correcting codes
Context triple: [Richard W. Hamming, notableWork, Error detecting and error correcting codes]
  • A. Algebraic Coding Theory
    Algebraic Coding Theory is a foundational mathematical text that systematically develops the theory and applications of error-correcting codes using algebraic methods.
  • B. LDPC
    LDPC (Low-Density Parity-Check) is a powerful class of linear error-correcting codes known for near-Shannon-limit performance and widespread use in modern high-throughput communication systems.
  • C. Berlekamp–Massey algorithm
    The Berlekamp–Massey algorithm is a key algorithm in coding theory and cryptography used to efficiently determine the shortest linear feedback shift register that generates a given binary sequence.
  • D. Mathematical Foundations of Information Theory
    Mathematical Foundations of Information Theory is a seminal monograph by Aleksandr Khinchin that rigorously develops the probabilistic and mathematical basis of Shannon’s information theory.
  • E. Berlekamp’s algorithm for factoring polynomials over finite fields
    Berlekamp’s algorithm for factoring polynomials over finite fields is a foundational deterministic method in computational algebra that efficiently decomposes polynomials into irreducible factors over finite fields and underpins many modern algorithms in coding theory and cryptography.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Error detecting and error correcting codes
Triple: [Richard W. Hamming, notableWork, Error detecting and error correcting codes]
Generated description
"Error detecting and error correcting codes" is a seminal 1950 paper by Richard W. Hamming that founded the modern theory of error-correcting codes in digital communication and data storage.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Error detecting and error correcting codes
Target entity description: "Error detecting and error correcting codes" is a seminal 1950 paper by Richard W. Hamming that founded the modern theory of error-correcting codes in digital communication and data storage.
  • A. Algebraic Coding Theory
    Algebraic Coding Theory is a foundational mathematical text that systematically develops the theory and applications of error-correcting codes using algebraic methods.
  • B. LDPC
    LDPC (Low-Density Parity-Check) is a powerful class of linear error-correcting codes known for near-Shannon-limit performance and widespread use in modern high-throughput communication systems.
  • C. Berlekamp–Massey algorithm
    The Berlekamp–Massey algorithm is a key algorithm in coding theory and cryptography used to efficiently determine the shortest linear feedback shift register that generates a given binary sequence.
  • D. Mathematical Foundations of Information Theory
    Mathematical Foundations of Information Theory is a seminal monograph by Aleksandr Khinchin that rigorously develops the probabilistic and mathematical basis of Shannon’s information theory.
  • E. Berlekamp’s algorithm for factoring polynomials over finite fields
    Berlekamp’s algorithm for factoring polynomials over finite fields is a foundational deterministic method in computational algebra that efficiently decomposes polynomials into irreducible factors over finite fields and underpins many modern algorithms in coding theory and cryptography.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69bd44384298819089c49e7c330ec7b8 completed March 20, 2026, 12:57 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69bd73bb069c8190af86f1b2f95f3d95 completed March 20, 2026, 4:20 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69be9c79265081908512b39cc74161f8 completed March 21, 2026, 1:26 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69be9d517df88190bcd682badaca96c8 completed March 21, 2026, 1:29 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69be9dea9de48190805b1e3527b47a00 completed March 21, 2026, 1:32 p.m.
Created at: March 20, 2026, 1:37 p.m.