Triple
T4965223
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Stephen R. Carpenter |
E111506
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Regime Shifts in Lake Ecosystems
Regime Shifts in Lake Ecosystems is an influential ecological work that analyzes how lakes can abruptly transition between alternative stable states due to environmental change and human impacts, with implications for ecosystem management and resilience.
|
E483122
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Regime Shifts in Lake Ecosystems | Statement: [Stephen R. Carpenter, notableWork, Regime Shifts in Lake Ecosystems]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Regime Shifts in Lake Ecosystems Context triple: [Stephen R. Carpenter, notableWork, Regime Shifts in Lake Ecosystems]
-
A.
Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems
Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems is a landmark 1973 book by theoretical ecologist Robert May that uses mathematical models to challenge the assumption that more complex ecosystems are inherently more stable.
-
B.
Treatise on Limnology
Treatise on Limnology is a foundational multi-volume scientific work that systematically explores the ecology, biology, chemistry, and physics of inland waters.
-
C.
Ecological Applications
Ecological Applications is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes research on the practical application of ecological science to environmental management and policy.
-
D.
The Ecological Relations of the Vegetation on the Sand Dunes of Lake Michigan
The Ecological Relations of the Vegetation on the Sand Dunes of Lake Michigan is a pioneering ecological study that analyzes plant succession and environmental factors shaping dune vegetation along the Lake Michigan shoreline.
-
E.
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes cutting-edge research and synthesis on ecological science and environmental issues for scientists, policymakers, and practitioners.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Regime Shifts in Lake Ecosystems Triple: [Stephen R. Carpenter, notableWork, Regime Shifts in Lake Ecosystems]
Generated description
Regime Shifts in Lake Ecosystems is an influential ecological work that analyzes how lakes can abruptly transition between alternative stable states due to environmental change and human impacts, with implications for ecosystem management and resilience.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Regime Shifts in Lake Ecosystems Target entity description: Regime Shifts in Lake Ecosystems is an influential ecological work that analyzes how lakes can abruptly transition between alternative stable states due to environmental change and human impacts, with implications for ecosystem management and resilience.
-
A.
Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems
Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems is a landmark 1973 book by theoretical ecologist Robert May that uses mathematical models to challenge the assumption that more complex ecosystems are inherently more stable.
-
B.
Treatise on Limnology
Treatise on Limnology is a foundational multi-volume scientific work that systematically explores the ecology, biology, chemistry, and physics of inland waters.
-
C.
Ecological Applications
Ecological Applications is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes research on the practical application of ecological science to environmental management and policy.
-
D.
The Ecological Relations of the Vegetation on the Sand Dunes of Lake Michigan
The Ecological Relations of the Vegetation on the Sand Dunes of Lake Michigan is a pioneering ecological study that analyzes plant succession and environmental factors shaping dune vegetation along the Lake Michigan shoreline.
-
E.
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes cutting-edge research and synthesis on ecological science and environmental issues for scientists, policymakers, and practitioners.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69bd4419393c819086319a6fe4bf8542 |
completed | March 20, 2026, 12:56 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69bd71f693b48190b3523cd314303cbe |
completed | March 20, 2026, 4:12 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69be81f13988819097dcd5a65cb1f502 |
completed | March 21, 2026, 11:33 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69be83b10e048190889289ac2ca9f07f |
completed | March 21, 2026, 11:40 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69be843e2e50819099b2b73498c7c16e |
completed | March 21, 2026, 11:42 a.m. |
Created at: March 20, 2026, 1:32 p.m.