Triple

T4965223
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Stephen R. Carpenter E111506 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Regime Shifts in Lake Ecosystems
Regime Shifts in Lake Ecosystems is an influential ecological work that analyzes how lakes can abruptly transition between alternative stable states due to environmental change and human impacts, with implications for ecosystem management and resilience.
E483122 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Regime Shifts in Lake Ecosystems | Statement: [Stephen R. Carpenter, notableWork, Regime Shifts in Lake Ecosystems]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Regime Shifts in Lake Ecosystems
Context triple: [Stephen R. Carpenter, notableWork, Regime Shifts in Lake Ecosystems]
  • A. Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems
    Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems is a landmark 1973 book by theoretical ecologist Robert May that uses mathematical models to challenge the assumption that more complex ecosystems are inherently more stable.
  • B. Treatise on Limnology
    Treatise on Limnology is a foundational multi-volume scientific work that systematically explores the ecology, biology, chemistry, and physics of inland waters.
  • C. Ecological Applications
    Ecological Applications is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes research on the practical application of ecological science to environmental management and policy.
  • D. The Ecological Relations of the Vegetation on the Sand Dunes of Lake Michigan
    The Ecological Relations of the Vegetation on the Sand Dunes of Lake Michigan is a pioneering ecological study that analyzes plant succession and environmental factors shaping dune vegetation along the Lake Michigan shoreline.
  • E. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
    Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes cutting-edge research and synthesis on ecological science and environmental issues for scientists, policymakers, and practitioners.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Regime Shifts in Lake Ecosystems
Triple: [Stephen R. Carpenter, notableWork, Regime Shifts in Lake Ecosystems]
Generated description
Regime Shifts in Lake Ecosystems is an influential ecological work that analyzes how lakes can abruptly transition between alternative stable states due to environmental change and human impacts, with implications for ecosystem management and resilience.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Regime Shifts in Lake Ecosystems
Target entity description: Regime Shifts in Lake Ecosystems is an influential ecological work that analyzes how lakes can abruptly transition between alternative stable states due to environmental change and human impacts, with implications for ecosystem management and resilience.
  • A. Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems
    Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems is a landmark 1973 book by theoretical ecologist Robert May that uses mathematical models to challenge the assumption that more complex ecosystems are inherently more stable.
  • B. Treatise on Limnology
    Treatise on Limnology is a foundational multi-volume scientific work that systematically explores the ecology, biology, chemistry, and physics of inland waters.
  • C. Ecological Applications
    Ecological Applications is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes research on the practical application of ecological science to environmental management and policy.
  • D. The Ecological Relations of the Vegetation on the Sand Dunes of Lake Michigan
    The Ecological Relations of the Vegetation on the Sand Dunes of Lake Michigan is a pioneering ecological study that analyzes plant succession and environmental factors shaping dune vegetation along the Lake Michigan shoreline.
  • E. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
    Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes cutting-edge research and synthesis on ecological science and environmental issues for scientists, policymakers, and practitioners.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69bd4419393c819086319a6fe4bf8542 completed March 20, 2026, 12:56 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69bd71f693b48190b3523cd314303cbe completed March 20, 2026, 4:12 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69be81f13988819097dcd5a65cb1f502 completed March 21, 2026, 11:33 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69be83b10e048190889289ac2ca9f07f completed March 21, 2026, 11:40 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69be843e2e50819099b2b73498c7c16e completed March 21, 2026, 11:42 a.m.
Created at: March 20, 2026, 1:32 p.m.