Triple

T48597
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Helvering v. Davis E954 entity
Predicate majorityOpinionBy P2235 FINISHED
Object Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo
Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo was a highly influential Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court known for his progressive jurisprudence and landmark opinions shaping constitutional and common law in the early 20th century.
E18177 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (5 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo | Statement: [Helvering v. Davis, majorityOpinionBy, Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo
Context triple: [Helvering v. Davis, majorityOpinionBy, Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo]
  • A. Paul G. Kirk
    Paul G. Kirk is an American lawyer and Democratic politician who served as interim U.S. Senator from Massachusetts following the death of Edward M. Kennedy.
  • B. Martin D. Ginsburg
    Martin D. Ginsburg was a prominent American tax lawyer and law professor, noted both for his influential scholarship in tax law and his supportive partnership with Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg.
  • C. Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.
    Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. was a 19th-century American physician, poet, and essayist known for his wit, literary works, and contributions to medical reform.
  • D. Blackmun
    Blackmun refers to the nominative reports of U.S. Supreme Court decisions compiled by Justice Harry A. Blackmun, whose name is used as a citation reference in the United States Reports.
  • E. John Jay
    John Jay was an American statesman, diplomat, co-author of The Federalist Papers, first Chief Justice of the United States, and a key figure in the early formation of the U.S. government.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo
Triple: [Helvering v. Davis, majorityOpinionBy, Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo]
Generated description
Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo was a highly influential Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court known for his progressive jurisprudence and landmark opinions shaping constitutional and common law in the early 20th century.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo
Target entity description: Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo was a highly influential Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court known for his progressive jurisprudence and landmark opinions shaping constitutional and common law in the early 20th century.
  • A. Paul G. Kirk
    Paul G. Kirk is an American lawyer and Democratic politician who served as interim U.S. Senator from Massachusetts following the death of Edward M. Kennedy.
  • B. Martin D. Ginsburg
    Martin D. Ginsburg was a prominent American tax lawyer and law professor, noted both for his influential scholarship in tax law and his supportive partnership with Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg.
  • C. Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.
    Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. was a 19th-century American physician, poet, and essayist known for his wit, literary works, and contributions to medical reform.
  • D. Blackmun
    Blackmun refers to the nominative reports of U.S. Supreme Court decisions compiled by Justice Harry A. Blackmun, whose name is used as a citation reference in the United States Reports.
  • E. John Jay
    John Jay was an American statesman, diplomat, co-author of The Federalist Papers, first Chief Justice of the United States, and a key figure in the early formation of the U.S. government.
  • F. None of above. chosen
PD Predicate disambiguation gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: majorityOpinionBy
Context triple: [Helvering v. Davis, majorityOpinionBy, Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo]
  • A. opinionBy chosen
    Indicates that a particular opinion, viewpoint, or judgment is expressed or held by a specific entity.
  • B. unanimousDecision
    Indicates that all relevant participants fully agree on a decision without any dissent.
  • C. upheldBy
    Indicates that one entity is supported, maintained, or validated by another, often through approval, enforcement, or confirmation of its validity.
  • D. dominantParty
    Indicates that one party in a relationship holds primary control, authority, or influence over the other.
  • E. opposedBy
    Indicates that one entity actively resists, disagrees with, or works against the actions, views, or position of another entity.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (6 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a2480baefc81909951b14058479aa2 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:42 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a24c1a5c14819088748317a3f262c8 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:59 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a2c529506c81908da1e88f04d6b0a0 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 10:36 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a2c633ed688190937e3603b5bcfac8 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 10:40 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a2c6cb23a88190a134f3820a080201 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 10:43 a.m.
PD Predicate disambiguation batch_69a24abe7cb481908d969e54032f6c75 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:54 a.m.
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 1:47 a.m.