Triple
T48597
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Helvering v. Davis |
E954
|
entity |
| Predicate | majorityOpinionBy |
P2235
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo
Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo was a highly influential Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court known for his progressive jurisprudence and landmark opinions shaping constitutional and common law in the early 20th century.
|
E18177
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (5 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo | Statement: [Helvering v. Davis, majorityOpinionBy, Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo Context triple: [Helvering v. Davis, majorityOpinionBy, Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo]
-
A.
Paul G. Kirk
Paul G. Kirk is an American lawyer and Democratic politician who served as interim U.S. Senator from Massachusetts following the death of Edward M. Kennedy.
-
B.
Martin D. Ginsburg
Martin D. Ginsburg was a prominent American tax lawyer and law professor, noted both for his influential scholarship in tax law and his supportive partnership with Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg.
-
C.
Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.
Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. was a 19th-century American physician, poet, and essayist known for his wit, literary works, and contributions to medical reform.
-
D.
Blackmun
Blackmun refers to the nominative reports of U.S. Supreme Court decisions compiled by Justice Harry A. Blackmun, whose name is used as a citation reference in the United States Reports.
-
E.
John Jay
John Jay was an American statesman, diplomat, co-author of The Federalist Papers, first Chief Justice of the United States, and a key figure in the early formation of the U.S. government.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo Triple: [Helvering v. Davis, majorityOpinionBy, Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo]
Generated description
Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo was a highly influential Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court known for his progressive jurisprudence and landmark opinions shaping constitutional and common law in the early 20th century.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo Target entity description: Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo was a highly influential Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court known for his progressive jurisprudence and landmark opinions shaping constitutional and common law in the early 20th century.
-
A.
Paul G. Kirk
Paul G. Kirk is an American lawyer and Democratic politician who served as interim U.S. Senator from Massachusetts following the death of Edward M. Kennedy.
-
B.
Martin D. Ginsburg
Martin D. Ginsburg was a prominent American tax lawyer and law professor, noted both for his influential scholarship in tax law and his supportive partnership with Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg.
-
C.
Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.
Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. was a 19th-century American physician, poet, and essayist known for his wit, literary works, and contributions to medical reform.
-
D.
Blackmun
Blackmun refers to the nominative reports of U.S. Supreme Court decisions compiled by Justice Harry A. Blackmun, whose name is used as a citation reference in the United States Reports.
-
E.
John Jay
John Jay was an American statesman, diplomat, co-author of The Federalist Papers, first Chief Justice of the United States, and a key figure in the early formation of the U.S. government.
- F. None of above. chosen
PD
Predicate disambiguation
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: majorityOpinionBy Context triple: [Helvering v. Davis, majorityOpinionBy, Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo]
-
A.
opinionBy
chosen
Indicates that a particular opinion, viewpoint, or judgment is expressed or held by a specific entity.
-
B.
unanimousDecision
Indicates that all relevant participants fully agree on a decision without any dissent.
-
C.
upheldBy
Indicates that one entity is supported, maintained, or validated by another, often through approval, enforcement, or confirmation of its validity.
-
D.
dominantParty
Indicates that one party in a relationship holds primary control, authority, or influence over the other.
-
E.
opposedBy
Indicates that one entity actively resists, disagrees with, or works against the actions, views, or position of another entity.
- F. None of above.
Provenance (6 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a2480baefc81909951b14058479aa2 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 1:42 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a24c1a5c14819088748317a3f262c8 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 1:59 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69a2c529506c81908da1e88f04d6b0a0 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 10:36 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69a2c633ed688190937e3603b5bcfac8 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 10:40 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69a2c6cb23a88190a134f3820a080201 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 10:43 a.m. |
| PD | Predicate disambiguation | batch_69a24abe7cb481908d969e54032f6c75 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 1:54 a.m. |
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 1:47 a.m.