Triple
T48584
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Helvering v. Davis |
E954
|
entity |
| Predicate | respondent |
P2238
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
George P. Davis
George P. Davis was the taxpayer whose challenge to the Social Security Act’s payroll tax provisions led to the landmark 1937 U.S. Supreme Court case Helvering v. Davis.
|
E47550
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (5 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: George P. Davis | Statement: [Helvering v. Davis, respondent, George P. Davis]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: George P. Davis Context triple: [Helvering v. Davis, respondent, George P. Davis]
-
A.
Robert W. Hunt
Robert W. Hunt was an American engineer and industrialist known for his influential role in the development of the U.S. mining and metallurgical industries and leadership in professional engineering organizations.
-
B.
Cecil H. Green
Cecil H. Green was a British-born American geophysicist, entrepreneur, and philanthropist best known as a co-founder of Texas Instruments and a major benefactor of educational and research institutions.
-
C.
Joseph E. Sheffield
Joseph E. Sheffield was a 19th-century American railroad executive and philanthropist whose major donations to Yale University led to the establishment of the Sheffield Scientific School.
-
D.
John R. Steelman
John R. Steelman was an American administrator and labor mediator who served as a top aide to President Harry S. Truman and became one of the most influential behind-the-scenes figures in the postwar White House.
-
E.
Bartlett S. Durham
Bartlett S. Durham was a 19th-century physician and landowner whose donated land for a railroad depot led to the founding and naming of the city of Durham, North Carolina.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: George P. Davis Triple: [Helvering v. Davis, respondent, George P. Davis]
Generated description
George P. Davis was the taxpayer whose challenge to the Social Security Act’s payroll tax provisions led to the landmark 1937 U.S. Supreme Court case Helvering v. Davis.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: George P. Davis Target entity description: George P. Davis was the taxpayer whose challenge to the Social Security Act’s payroll tax provisions led to the landmark 1937 U.S. Supreme Court case Helvering v. Davis.
-
A.
Robert W. Hunt
Robert W. Hunt was an American engineer and industrialist known for his influential role in the development of the U.S. mining and metallurgical industries and leadership in professional engineering organizations.
-
B.
Cecil H. Green
Cecil H. Green was a British-born American geophysicist, entrepreneur, and philanthropist best known as a co-founder of Texas Instruments and a major benefactor of educational and research institutions.
-
C.
Joseph E. Sheffield
Joseph E. Sheffield was a 19th-century American railroad executive and philanthropist whose major donations to Yale University led to the establishment of the Sheffield Scientific School.
-
D.
John R. Steelman
John R. Steelman was an American administrator and labor mediator who served as a top aide to President Harry S. Truman and became one of the most influential behind-the-scenes figures in the postwar White House.
-
E.
Bartlett S. Durham
Bartlett S. Durham was a 19th-century physician and landowner whose donated land for a railroad depot led to the founding and naming of the city of Durham, North Carolina.
- F. None of above. chosen
PD
Predicate disambiguation
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: respondent Context triple: [Helvering v. Davis, respondent, George P. Davis]
-
A.
defendant
chosen
Indicates that an entity is the party accused or sued in a legal action or proceeding.
-
B.
wasResponseTo
Indicates that one event, action, or communication occurred as a direct reply or reaction to a preceding event, action, or communication.
-
C.
attendedBy
Indicates that an event, place, or activity is participated in or visited by a particular person or group.
-
D.
opposedBy
Indicates that one entity actively resists, disagrees with, or works against the actions, views, or position of another entity.
-
E.
participant
Indicates that an entity takes part in, is involved in, or plays a role within a specified event, activity, or process.
- F. None of above.
Provenance (6 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a2480baefc81909951b14058479aa2 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 1:42 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a24c1a5c14819088748317a3f262c8 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 1:59 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69a3f4d33cd48190b23d84be9cde773d |
completed | March 1, 2026, 8:12 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69a3f5841618819099adcf97cc794c69 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 8:15 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69a3f5cac5a08190a13ae5ffac770b1d |
completed | March 1, 2026, 8:16 a.m. |
| PD | Predicate disambiguation | batch_69a24abe7cb481908d969e54032f6c75 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 1:54 a.m. |
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 1:47 a.m.