Triple

T48584
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Helvering v. Davis E954 entity
Predicate respondent P2238 FINISHED
Object George P. Davis
George P. Davis was the taxpayer whose challenge to the Social Security Act’s payroll tax provisions led to the landmark 1937 U.S. Supreme Court case Helvering v. Davis.
E47550 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (5 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: George P. Davis | Statement: [Helvering v. Davis, respondent, George P. Davis]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: George P. Davis
Context triple: [Helvering v. Davis, respondent, George P. Davis]
  • A. Robert W. Hunt
    Robert W. Hunt was an American engineer and industrialist known for his influential role in the development of the U.S. mining and metallurgical industries and leadership in professional engineering organizations.
  • B. Cecil H. Green
    Cecil H. Green was a British-born American geophysicist, entrepreneur, and philanthropist best known as a co-founder of Texas Instruments and a major benefactor of educational and research institutions.
  • C. Joseph E. Sheffield
    Joseph E. Sheffield was a 19th-century American railroad executive and philanthropist whose major donations to Yale University led to the establishment of the Sheffield Scientific School.
  • D. John R. Steelman
    John R. Steelman was an American administrator and labor mediator who served as a top aide to President Harry S. Truman and became one of the most influential behind-the-scenes figures in the postwar White House.
  • E. Bartlett S. Durham
    Bartlett S. Durham was a 19th-century physician and landowner whose donated land for a railroad depot led to the founding and naming of the city of Durham, North Carolina.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: George P. Davis
Triple: [Helvering v. Davis, respondent, George P. Davis]
Generated description
George P. Davis was the taxpayer whose challenge to the Social Security Act’s payroll tax provisions led to the landmark 1937 U.S. Supreme Court case Helvering v. Davis.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: George P. Davis
Target entity description: George P. Davis was the taxpayer whose challenge to the Social Security Act’s payroll tax provisions led to the landmark 1937 U.S. Supreme Court case Helvering v. Davis.
  • A. Robert W. Hunt
    Robert W. Hunt was an American engineer and industrialist known for his influential role in the development of the U.S. mining and metallurgical industries and leadership in professional engineering organizations.
  • B. Cecil H. Green
    Cecil H. Green was a British-born American geophysicist, entrepreneur, and philanthropist best known as a co-founder of Texas Instruments and a major benefactor of educational and research institutions.
  • C. Joseph E. Sheffield
    Joseph E. Sheffield was a 19th-century American railroad executive and philanthropist whose major donations to Yale University led to the establishment of the Sheffield Scientific School.
  • D. John R. Steelman
    John R. Steelman was an American administrator and labor mediator who served as a top aide to President Harry S. Truman and became one of the most influential behind-the-scenes figures in the postwar White House.
  • E. Bartlett S. Durham
    Bartlett S. Durham was a 19th-century physician and landowner whose donated land for a railroad depot led to the founding and naming of the city of Durham, North Carolina.
  • F. None of above. chosen
PD Predicate disambiguation gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: respondent
Context triple: [Helvering v. Davis, respondent, George P. Davis]
  • A. defendant chosen
    Indicates that an entity is the party accused or sued in a legal action or proceeding.
  • B. wasResponseTo
    Indicates that one event, action, or communication occurred as a direct reply or reaction to a preceding event, action, or communication.
  • C. attendedBy
    Indicates that an event, place, or activity is participated in or visited by a particular person or group.
  • D. opposedBy
    Indicates that one entity actively resists, disagrees with, or works against the actions, views, or position of another entity.
  • E. participant
    Indicates that an entity takes part in, is involved in, or plays a role within a specified event, activity, or process.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (6 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a2480baefc81909951b14058479aa2 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:42 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a24c1a5c14819088748317a3f262c8 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:59 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a3f4d33cd48190b23d84be9cde773d completed March 1, 2026, 8:12 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a3f5841618819099adcf97cc794c69 completed March 1, 2026, 8:15 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a3f5cac5a08190a13ae5ffac770b1d completed March 1, 2026, 8:16 a.m.
PD Predicate disambiguation batch_69a24abe7cb481908d969e54032f6c75 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:54 a.m.
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 1:47 a.m.