Triple

T480405
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Northern Nigeria E9154 entity
Predicate hasMajorCity P316 FINISHED
Object Kaduna
Kaduna is a major industrial and political center in northern Nigeria, known for its diverse population and role as the capital of Kaduna State.
 E66199 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Kaduna | Statement: [Northern Nigeria, hasMajorCity, Kaduna]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Kaduna
Context triple: [Northern Nigeria, hasMajorCity, Kaduna]
  • A. Ekiti
    Ekiti are a subgroup of the Yoruba people of southwestern Nigeria, known for their distinct dialect, rich cultural traditions, and strong emphasis on education.
  • B. Ibadan
    Ibadan is one of the largest and most populous cities in southwestern Nigeria, historically significant as a major Yoruba cultural and economic center.
  • C. Kano
    Kano is a major commercial and industrial city in northern Nigeria and one of the country’s oldest urban centers.
  • D. Kwara State
    Kwara State is a north-central Nigerian state with a significant Yoruba population and a cultural blend of northern and southwestern Nigerian influences.
  • E. Lagos State
    Lagos State is Nigeria’s most populous and economically significant state, centered around the megacity of Lagos, a major financial, commercial, and cultural hub in Africa.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Kaduna
Triple: [Northern Nigeria, hasMajorCity, Kaduna]
Generated description
Kaduna is a major industrial and political center in northern Nigeria, known for its diverse population and role as the capital of Kaduna State.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Kaduna
Target entity description: Kaduna is a major industrial and political center in northern Nigeria, known for its diverse population and role as the capital of Kaduna State.
  • A. Ekiti
    Ekiti are a subgroup of the Yoruba people of southwestern Nigeria, known for their distinct dialect, rich cultural traditions, and strong emphasis on education.
  • B. Ibadan
    Ibadan is one of the largest and most populous cities in southwestern Nigeria, historically significant as a major Yoruba cultural and economic center.
  • C. Kano
    Kano is a major commercial and industrial city in northern Nigeria and one of the country’s oldest urban centers.
  • D. Kwara State
    Kwara State is a north-central Nigerian state with a significant Yoruba population and a cultural blend of northern and southwestern Nigerian influences.
  • E. Lagos State
    Lagos State is Nigeria’s most populous and economically significant state, centered around the megacity of Lagos, a major financial, commercial, and cultural hub in Africa.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a2e7ff81708190b0507a24a997232c completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:05 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a2f057c4ac819080cf43ffaa56c350 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:40 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a4b5d3b5f0819093c5d55bdf5a7c4d completed March 1, 2026, 9:55 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a4b673f5dc8190a70b7ddcf76ec016 completed March 1, 2026, 9:58 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a4b79ec4b48190b992f642aa7cddb7 completed March 1, 2026, 10:03 p.m.
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 1:12 p.m.