Triple

T4681193
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Nikolay Bogolyubov E103805 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Bogoliubov transformation
The Bogoliubov transformation is a mathematical change of basis used in quantum field theory and many-body physics to diagonalize Hamiltonians by mixing creation and annihilation operators, enabling the description of quasiparticles and phenomena like superconductivity.
E461415 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Bogoliubov transformation | Statement: [Nikolay Bogolyubov, notableWork, Bogoliubov transformation]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bogoliubov transformation
Context triple: [Nikolay Bogolyubov, notableWork, Bogoliubov transformation]
  • A. Jordan–Wigner transformation
    The Jordan–Wigner transformation is a mathematical mapping in quantum many-body physics that converts spin operators into fermionic creation and annihilation operators, enabling the study of spin systems using fermionic methods.
  • B. Wick’s theorem
    Wick’s theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that expresses time-ordered products of field operators as sums of normal-ordered products with all possible contractions, forming the basis for deriving Feynman rules and diagrammatic expansions.
  • C. Infeld–van der Waerden formalism
    The Infeld–van der Waerden formalism is a mathematical framework in general relativity that reformulates the theory using spinor calculus to describe gravitational and electromagnetic fields.
  • D. Onsager algebra
    The Onsager algebra is an infinite-dimensional Lie algebra introduced in the study of exactly solvable models in statistical mechanics, particularly the two-dimensional Ising model.
  • E. Born–Huang expansion
    The Born–Huang expansion is a quantum mechanical method that systematically improves upon the Born–Oppenheimer approximation by including couplings between electronic and nuclear motions in molecular systems.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Bogoliubov transformation
Triple: [Nikolay Bogolyubov, notableWork, Bogoliubov transformation]
Generated description
The Bogoliubov transformation is a mathematical change of basis used in quantum field theory and many-body physics to diagonalize Hamiltonians by mixing creation and annihilation operators, enabling the description of quasiparticles and phenomena like superconductivity.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bogoliubov transformation
Target entity description: The Bogoliubov transformation is a mathematical change of basis used in quantum field theory and many-body physics to diagonalize Hamiltonians by mixing creation and annihilation operators, enabling the description of quasiparticles and phenomena like superconductivity.
  • A. Jordan–Wigner transformation
    The Jordan–Wigner transformation is a mathematical mapping in quantum many-body physics that converts spin operators into fermionic creation and annihilation operators, enabling the study of spin systems using fermionic methods.
  • B. Wick’s theorem
    Wick’s theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that expresses time-ordered products of field operators as sums of normal-ordered products with all possible contractions, forming the basis for deriving Feynman rules and diagrammatic expansions.
  • C. Infeld–van der Waerden formalism
    The Infeld–van der Waerden formalism is a mathematical framework in general relativity that reformulates the theory using spinor calculus to describe gravitational and electromagnetic fields.
  • D. Onsager algebra
    The Onsager algebra is an infinite-dimensional Lie algebra introduced in the study of exactly solvable models in statistical mechanics, particularly the two-dimensional Ising model.
  • E. Born–Huang expansion
    The Born–Huang expansion is a quantum mechanical method that systematically improves upon the Born–Oppenheimer approximation by including couplings between electronic and nuclear motions in molecular systems.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69bd43debbf08190b4bc372e286ec234 completed March 20, 2026, 12:55 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69bd636d306081908ff512896f54cb10 completed March 20, 2026, 3:10 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69be03ac44d481908ecb1fe84184a886 completed March 21, 2026, 2:34 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69be048d53d08190a72fb6d2e788e3c9 completed March 21, 2026, 2:38 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69be0529868c8190b20e8966315b263a completed March 21, 2026, 2:40 a.m.
Created at: March 20, 2026, 1:16 p.m.