Triple
T4493079
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Paul Cohen |
E100624
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableConcept |
P201
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
forcing (set theory)
Forcing (set theory) is a powerful technique in mathematical logic, introduced by Paul Cohen, used to construct models of set theory and prove the independence of certain propositions from Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the Axiom of Choice (ZFC).
|
E446865
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: forcing (set theory) | Statement: [Paul Cohen, notableConcept, forcing (set theory)]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: forcing (set theory) Context triple: [Paul Cohen, notableConcept, forcing (set theory)]
-
A.
Fraenkel–Mostowski permutation models
Fraenkel–Mostowski permutation models are set-theoretic constructions using permutations of atoms to demonstrate the independence of certain choice principles from Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory.
-
B.
set theory
Set theory is a foundational branch of mathematical logic that studies collections of objects, called sets, and underpins much of modern mathematics.
-
C.
Kripke–Platek set theory
Kripke–Platek set theory is a weaker, predicative subsystem of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory focused on sets that are explicitly constructible and often used in the study of admissible sets and recursion theory.
-
D.
constructible universe
The constructible universe is a class model of set theory introduced by Kurt Gödel that systematically builds sets in hierarchical stages and shows the relative consistency of the axiom of choice and the generalized continuum hypothesis with ZF.
-
E.
Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory
Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory is the standard axiomatic framework for modern set theory, designed to avoid paradoxes and provide a rigorous foundation for much of mathematics.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: forcing (set theory) Triple: [Paul Cohen, notableConcept, forcing (set theory)]
Generated description
Forcing (set theory) is a powerful technique in mathematical logic, introduced by Paul Cohen, used to construct models of set theory and prove the independence of certain propositions from Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the Axiom of Choice (ZFC).
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: forcing (set theory) Target entity description: Forcing (set theory) is a powerful technique in mathematical logic, introduced by Paul Cohen, used to construct models of set theory and prove the independence of certain propositions from Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the Axiom of Choice (ZFC).
-
A.
Fraenkel–Mostowski permutation models
Fraenkel–Mostowski permutation models are set-theoretic constructions using permutations of atoms to demonstrate the independence of certain choice principles from Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory.
-
B.
set theory
Set theory is a foundational branch of mathematical logic that studies collections of objects, called sets, and underpins much of modern mathematics.
-
C.
Kripke–Platek set theory
Kripke–Platek set theory is a weaker, predicative subsystem of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory focused on sets that are explicitly constructible and often used in the study of admissible sets and recursion theory.
-
D.
constructible universe
The constructible universe is a class model of set theory introduced by Kurt Gödel that systematically builds sets in hierarchical stages and shows the relative consistency of the axiom of choice and the generalized continuum hypothesis with ZF.
-
E.
Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory
Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory is the standard axiomatic framework for modern set theory, designed to avoid paradoxes and provide a rigorous foundation for much of mathematics.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69bd43cdf15081909a4fa2585ff63b3e |
completed | March 20, 2026, 12:55 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69bd5570ba0881908f5fb4f8d0730e64 |
completed | March 20, 2026, 2:10 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69bd67b40fd4819098636b6f29304312 |
completed | March 20, 2026, 3:28 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69bd688e84fc8190a8900be40e3cf694 |
completed | March 20, 2026, 3:32 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69bd69bcf10c8190bd6ceb6bc604b3f5 |
completed | March 20, 2026, 3:37 p.m. |
Created at: March 20, 2026, 12:59 p.m.