Triple

T446403
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject United States v. Lopez E7030 entity
Predicate holding P2237 FINISHED
Object The Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 exceeds Congress’s authority under the Commerce Clause E7030 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (2 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: The Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 exceeds Congress’s authority under the Commerce Clause | Statement: [United States v. Lopez, holding, The Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 exceeds Congress’s authority under the Commerce Clause]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 exceeds Congress’s authority under the Commerce Clause
Context triple: [United States v. Lopez, holding, The Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 exceeds Congress’s authority under the Commerce Clause]
  • A. United States v. Lopez chosen
    United States v. Lopez is a 1995 U.S. Supreme Court case that marked the first time in decades the Court struck down a federal law for exceeding Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause, signaling a revival of limits on federal regulatory authority.
  • B. Firearm Owners Protection Act
    The Firearm Owners Protection Act is a 1986 U.S. federal law that revised and relaxed certain gun control provisions while adding new restrictions, including the ban on civilian ownership of newly manufactured machine guns.
  • C. Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act amendments
    The Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act amendments are U.S. federal legislative changes that strengthened requirements and funding for preventing drug and alcohol abuse in schools and on college campuses.
  • D. Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe
    Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe is a 2000 U.S. Supreme Court case that held student-led, student-initiated prayer at public school football games unconstitutional under the Establishment Clause.
  • E. Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a valid exercise of Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause
    This entity is the Supreme Court’s constitutional holding in Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States that upheld the federal prohibition of racial discrimination in public accommodations as a legitimate use of Congress’s Commerce Clause authority.
  • F. None of above.
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Provenance (3 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a2e7e4676c81909ea0dbdecac0687c completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:04 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a2ef62c7a88190851fcd57658b4102 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:36 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a442a6abac81909f23975fabd7e90a completed March 1, 2026, 1:44 p.m.
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 1:12 p.m.