Triple

T4424784
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject arXiv E95183 entity
Predicate foundedBy P104 FINISHED
Object Paul Ginsparg
Paul Ginsparg is an American physicist and computer scientist best known for creating the arXiv preprint repository, which transformed the dissemination of research in physics and other fields.
E437205 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Paul Ginsparg | Statement: [arXiv, foundedBy, Paul Ginsparg]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Paul Ginsparg
Context triple: [arXiv, foundedBy, Paul Ginsparg]
  • A. C. R. Hagen
    C. R. Hagen is a theoretical physicist known for his contributions to particle physics and gauge theories, including work related to the Higgs mechanism.
  • B. Dan Appelquist
    Dan Appelquist is a web standards and open web advocate known for his leadership in internet architecture and governance, including chairing key World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) groups.
  • C. John H. Schwarz
    John H. Schwarz is an American theoretical physicist best known as one of the founders of superstring theory and a pioneer in the development of string theory as a candidate for a unified theory of fundamental forces.
  • D. H. David Politzer
    H. David Politzer is an American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate renowned for his role in the discovery of asymptotic freedom in quantum chromodynamics.
  • E. Sidney Coleman
    Sidney Coleman was an influential American theoretical physicist renowned for his work in quantum field theory and for his exceptional teaching and expository lectures at Harvard University.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Paul Ginsparg
Triple: [arXiv, foundedBy, Paul Ginsparg]
Generated description
Paul Ginsparg is an American physicist and computer scientist best known for creating the arXiv preprint repository, which transformed the dissemination of research in physics and other fields.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Paul Ginsparg
Target entity description: Paul Ginsparg is an American physicist and computer scientist best known for creating the arXiv preprint repository, which transformed the dissemination of research in physics and other fields.
  • A. C. R. Hagen
    C. R. Hagen is a theoretical physicist known for his contributions to particle physics and gauge theories, including work related to the Higgs mechanism.
  • B. Dan Appelquist
    Dan Appelquist is a web standards and open web advocate known for his leadership in internet architecture and governance, including chairing key World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) groups.
  • C. John H. Schwarz
    John H. Schwarz is an American theoretical physicist best known as one of the founders of superstring theory and a pioneer in the development of string theory as a candidate for a unified theory of fundamental forces.
  • D. H. David Politzer
    H. David Politzer is an American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate renowned for his role in the discovery of asymptotic freedom in quantum chromodynamics.
  • E. Sidney Coleman
    Sidney Coleman was an influential American theoretical physicist renowned for his work in quantum field theory and for his exceptional teaching and expository lectures at Harvard University.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69b3453c2a0c8190926b574c90766db9 completed March 12, 2026, 10:59 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69b3554ca5208190ba2661616dcf071c completed March 13, 2026, 12:07 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69b5f62f7eb88190a02669845126e790 completed March 14, 2026, 11:58 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69b5f6c8a58481908d7bd3d4cfaf265c completed March 15, 2026, 12:01 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69b5f73f38d481908ad44dfd33de85ca completed March 15, 2026, 12:03 a.m.
Created at: March 12, 2026, 11:30 p.m.