Triple

T4393308
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Compton effect E99416 entity
Predicate hasClassicalLimit P9149 FINISHED
Object Thomson scattering
Thomson scattering is the low-energy, classical limit of photon–electron scattering in which electromagnetic radiation is elastically scattered by free charged particles, especially electrons.
E436131 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (5 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Thomson scattering | Statement: [Compton effect, hasClassicalLimit, Thomson scattering]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Thomson scattering
Context triple: [Compton effect, hasClassicalLimit, Thomson scattering]
  • A. Thomson cross section
    The Thomson cross section is a fundamental physical constant that quantifies the effective area for low-energy (classical) scattering of electromagnetic radiation by a free charged particle, typically an electron.
  • B. Rayleigh scattering
    Rayleigh scattering is the physical phenomenon in which light or other electromagnetic radiation is elastically scattered by particles much smaller than its wavelength, explaining effects such as the blue color of the daytime sky.
  • C. Compton effect
    The Compton effect is the increase in wavelength (and corresponding decrease in energy) of X-rays or gamma rays when they scatter off electrons, providing key evidence for the particle nature of light.
  • D. Klein–Nishina formula
    The Klein–Nishina formula is a fundamental result in quantum electrodynamics that gives the differential cross section for Compton scattering of photons by free electrons, incorporating relativistic and quantum effects.
  • E. Bremsstrahlung
    Bremsstrahlung is electromagnetic radiation emitted when charged particles, such as electrons, are decelerated or deflected by the electric fields of atomic nuclei.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Thomson scattering
Triple: [Compton effect, hasClassicalLimit, Thomson scattering]
Generated description
Thomson scattering is the low-energy, classical limit of photon–electron scattering in which electromagnetic radiation is elastically scattered by free charged particles, especially electrons.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Thomson scattering
Target entity description: Thomson scattering is the low-energy, classical limit of photon–electron scattering in which electromagnetic radiation is elastically scattered by free charged particles, especially electrons.
  • A. Thomson cross section
    The Thomson cross section is a fundamental physical constant that quantifies the effective area for low-energy (classical) scattering of electromagnetic radiation by a free charged particle, typically an electron.
  • B. Rayleigh scattering
    Rayleigh scattering is the physical phenomenon in which light or other electromagnetic radiation is elastically scattered by particles much smaller than its wavelength, explaining effects such as the blue color of the daytime sky.
  • C. Compton effect
    The Compton effect is the increase in wavelength (and corresponding decrease in energy) of X-rays or gamma rays when they scatter off electrons, providing key evidence for the particle nature of light.
  • D. Klein–Nishina formula
    The Klein–Nishina formula is a fundamental result in quantum electrodynamics that gives the differential cross section for Compton scattering of photons by free electrons, incorporating relativistic and quantum effects.
  • E. Bremsstrahlung
    Bremsstrahlung is electromagnetic radiation emitted when charged particles, such as electrons, are decelerated or deflected by the electric fields of atomic nuclei.
  • F. None of above. chosen
PD Predicate disambiguation gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: hasClassicalLimit
Context triple: [Compton effect, hasClassicalLimit, Thomson scattering]
  • A. isLimitOf chosen
    Indicates that one quantity, function, or sequence approaches a particular value as its input or index approaches some specified point or condition.
  • B. hasLimitation
    Indicates that an entity is subject to a constraint, restriction, or boundary that limits its scope, capability, or applicability.
  • C. hasHigherClass
    Indicates that one entity belongs to a higher rank, level, or category in a hierarchy than another entity.
  • D. gLimit
    Indicates a constraint or maximum boundary imposed on the magnitude, rate, or extent of something within a given context.
  • E. hasLimitedCorpus
    Indicates that the associated entity possesses only a small or restricted set of available data, texts, or examples for use or analysis.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (6 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69b345506b408190b0e3dee616738a7d completed March 12, 2026, 10:59 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69b352a8862481909dc67abf42be6928 completed March 12, 2026, 11:56 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69b5e53385508190ac1261c44672070b completed March 14, 2026, 10:46 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69b5e666bcbc819083bbb60309d689e7 completed March 14, 2026, 10:51 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69b5e6c780248190a2101f35f47ae374 completed March 14, 2026, 10:52 p.m.
PD Predicate disambiguation batch_69b34f597998819092477efdedb51427 completed March 12, 2026, 11:42 p.m.
Created at: March 12, 2026, 11:19 p.m.