Triple

T422441
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Millennium Technology Prize E8132 entity
Predicate notableLaureate P1618 FINISHED
Object Michael Grätzel
Michael Grätzel is a Swiss chemist best known for inventing dye-sensitized solar cells, a breakthrough in low-cost, efficient solar energy technology.
E53756 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Michael Grätzel | Statement: [Millennium Technology Prize, notableLaureate, Michael Grätzel]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Michael Grätzel
Context triple: [Millennium Technology Prize, notableLaureate, Michael Grätzel]
  • A. Isamu Akasaki
    Isamu Akasaki was a Japanese physicist and Nobel laureate renowned for pioneering the development of efficient blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which revolutionized lighting and display technologies.
  • B. Nick Holonyak Jr.
    Nick Holonyak Jr. was an American engineer and inventor best known for creating the first practical visible-spectrum LED, earning him recognition as a pioneer in semiconductor lighting technology.
  • C. Shuji Nakamura
    Shuji Nakamura is a Japanese-American engineer and physicist best known for inventing the efficient blue LED, a breakthrough that enabled modern white LED lighting and earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics.
  • D. Gerhard Herzberg
    Gerhard Herzberg was a German-Canadian physicist and physical chemist renowned for his pioneering work in molecular spectroscopy, for which he received the 1971 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
  • E. Frances Arnold
    Frances Arnold is an American chemical engineer and Nobel laureate renowned for pioneering the directed evolution of enzymes, revolutionizing fields from green chemistry to biotechnology.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Michael Grätzel
Triple: [Millennium Technology Prize, notableLaureate, Michael Grätzel]
Generated description
Michael Grätzel is a Swiss chemist best known for inventing dye-sensitized solar cells, a breakthrough in low-cost, efficient solar energy technology.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Michael Grätzel
Target entity description: Michael Grätzel is a Swiss chemist best known for inventing dye-sensitized solar cells, a breakthrough in low-cost, efficient solar energy technology.
  • A. Isamu Akasaki
    Isamu Akasaki was a Japanese physicist and Nobel laureate renowned for pioneering the development of efficient blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which revolutionized lighting and display technologies.
  • B. Nick Holonyak Jr.
    Nick Holonyak Jr. was an American engineer and inventor best known for creating the first practical visible-spectrum LED, earning him recognition as a pioneer in semiconductor lighting technology.
  • C. Shuji Nakamura
    Shuji Nakamura is a Japanese-American engineer and physicist best known for inventing the efficient blue LED, a breakthrough that enabled modern white LED lighting and earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics.
  • D. Gerhard Herzberg
    Gerhard Herzberg was a German-Canadian physicist and physical chemist renowned for his pioneering work in molecular spectroscopy, for which he received the 1971 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
  • E. Frances Arnold
    Frances Arnold is an American chemical engineer and Nobel laureate renowned for pioneering the directed evolution of enzymes, revolutionizing fields from green chemistry to biotechnology.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a2e7f1d1bc81909cf2dc9754a3c334 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:04 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a2eec0e9dc81908c08b209ce5278ef completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:33 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a42a15efe88190b1dc3337bd775723 completed March 1, 2026, 11:59 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a42a7dc3108190ad644aee25d95d50 completed March 1, 2026, 12:01 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a42b19e7148190816b50e00319b12b completed March 1, 2026, 12:03 p.m.
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 1:11 p.m.