Triple

T420692
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject William Shockley E8094 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object Shockley–Queisser limit
The Shockley–Queisser limit is a theoretical maximum efficiency for single-junction solar cells, defining the upper bound on how much sunlight can be converted into electricity under standard conditions.
E53321 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Shockley–Queisser limit | Statement: [William Shockley, knownFor, Shockley–Queisser limit]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Shockley–Queisser limit
Context triple: [William Shockley, knownFor, Shockley–Queisser limit]
  • A. Chandrasekhar limit
    The Chandrasekhar limit is the maximum mass a white dwarf star can have before collapsing under its own gravity, playing a crucial role in determining its ultimate fate as a neutron star or black hole.
  • B. Herzberg–Teller approximation
    The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
  • C. Huang–Rhys factor
    The Huang–Rhys factor is a dimensionless parameter in solid-state and molecular spectroscopy that quantifies the strength of electron–phonon (vibronic) coupling during electronic transitions.
  • D. Stefan–Boltzmann law
    The Stefan–Boltzmann law is a fundamental principle of thermal radiation stating that the total energy radiated per unit surface area of a black body is proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature.
  • E. Bekenstein bound
    The Bekenstein bound is a theoretical limit in physics on the maximum amount of information or entropy that can be contained within a finite region of space with a given amount of energy.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Shockley–Queisser limit
Triple: [William Shockley, knownFor, Shockley–Queisser limit]
Generated description
The Shockley–Queisser limit is a theoretical maximum efficiency for single-junction solar cells, defining the upper bound on how much sunlight can be converted into electricity under standard conditions.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Shockley–Queisser limit
Target entity description: The Shockley–Queisser limit is a theoretical maximum efficiency for single-junction solar cells, defining the upper bound on how much sunlight can be converted into electricity under standard conditions.
  • A. Chandrasekhar limit
    The Chandrasekhar limit is the maximum mass a white dwarf star can have before collapsing under its own gravity, playing a crucial role in determining its ultimate fate as a neutron star or black hole.
  • B. Herzberg–Teller approximation
    The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
  • C. Huang–Rhys factor
    The Huang–Rhys factor is a dimensionless parameter in solid-state and molecular spectroscopy that quantifies the strength of electron–phonon (vibronic) coupling during electronic transitions.
  • D. Stefan–Boltzmann law
    The Stefan–Boltzmann law is a fundamental principle of thermal radiation stating that the total energy radiated per unit surface area of a black body is proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature.
  • E. Bekenstein bound
    The Bekenstein bound is a theoretical limit in physics on the maximum amount of information or entropy that can be contained within a finite region of space with a given amount of energy.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a2e7f1d1bc81909cf2dc9754a3c334 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:04 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a2eebf65cc81908196fee4f09d5889 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:33 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a425453ee08190bbed80bd65729e51 completed March 1, 2026, 11:38 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a42635b4388190a69f63491b88c466 completed March 1, 2026, 11:42 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a4268e6a5081909660c486d53db99e completed March 1, 2026, 11:44 a.m.
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 1:11 p.m.