Triple
T420692
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | William Shockley |
E8094
|
entity |
| Predicate | knownFor |
P22
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Shockley–Queisser limit
The Shockley–Queisser limit is a theoretical maximum efficiency for single-junction solar cells, defining the upper bound on how much sunlight can be converted into electricity under standard conditions.
|
E53321
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Shockley–Queisser limit | Statement: [William Shockley, knownFor, Shockley–Queisser limit]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Shockley–Queisser limit Context triple: [William Shockley, knownFor, Shockley–Queisser limit]
-
A.
Chandrasekhar limit
The Chandrasekhar limit is the maximum mass a white dwarf star can have before collapsing under its own gravity, playing a crucial role in determining its ultimate fate as a neutron star or black hole.
-
B.
Herzberg–Teller approximation
The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
-
C.
Huang–Rhys factor
The Huang–Rhys factor is a dimensionless parameter in solid-state and molecular spectroscopy that quantifies the strength of electron–phonon (vibronic) coupling during electronic transitions.
-
D.
Stefan–Boltzmann law
The Stefan–Boltzmann law is a fundamental principle of thermal radiation stating that the total energy radiated per unit surface area of a black body is proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature.
-
E.
Bekenstein bound
The Bekenstein bound is a theoretical limit in physics on the maximum amount of information or entropy that can be contained within a finite region of space with a given amount of energy.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Shockley–Queisser limit Triple: [William Shockley, knownFor, Shockley–Queisser limit]
Generated description
The Shockley–Queisser limit is a theoretical maximum efficiency for single-junction solar cells, defining the upper bound on how much sunlight can be converted into electricity under standard conditions.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Shockley–Queisser limit Target entity description: The Shockley–Queisser limit is a theoretical maximum efficiency for single-junction solar cells, defining the upper bound on how much sunlight can be converted into electricity under standard conditions.
-
A.
Chandrasekhar limit
The Chandrasekhar limit is the maximum mass a white dwarf star can have before collapsing under its own gravity, playing a crucial role in determining its ultimate fate as a neutron star or black hole.
-
B.
Herzberg–Teller approximation
The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
-
C.
Huang–Rhys factor
The Huang–Rhys factor is a dimensionless parameter in solid-state and molecular spectroscopy that quantifies the strength of electron–phonon (vibronic) coupling during electronic transitions.
-
D.
Stefan–Boltzmann law
The Stefan–Boltzmann law is a fundamental principle of thermal radiation stating that the total energy radiated per unit surface area of a black body is proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature.
-
E.
Bekenstein bound
The Bekenstein bound is a theoretical limit in physics on the maximum amount of information or entropy that can be contained within a finite region of space with a given amount of energy.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a2e7f1d1bc81909cf2dc9754a3c334 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 1:04 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a2eebf65cc81908196fee4f09d5889 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 1:33 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69a425453ee08190bbed80bd65729e51 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 11:38 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69a42635b4388190a69f63491b88c466 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 11:42 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69a4268e6a5081909660c486d53db99e |
completed | March 1, 2026, 11:44 a.m. |
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 1:11 p.m.