Triple
T4163746
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Gruber Cosmology Prize |
E84391
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableRecipient |
P108
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Saul Perlmutter
Saul Perlmutter is an American astrophysicist and Nobel laureate renowned for his leadership in discovering the accelerating expansion of the universe through observations of distant supernovae.
|
E418133
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Saul Perlmutter | Statement: [Gruber Cosmology Prize, notableRecipient, Saul Perlmutter]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Saul Perlmutter Context triple: [Gruber Cosmology Prize, notableRecipient, Saul Perlmutter]
-
A.
George F. Smoot
George F. Smoot is an American astrophysicist and cosmologist best known for his Nobel Prize–winning work on cosmic microwave background radiation, which provided strong evidence for the Big Bang theory.
-
B.
Sammy Perlmutter
Sammy Perlmutter is a television producer best known for serving as an executive producer on the anthology series "Genius."
-
C.
Brian Schmidt
Brian Schmidt is an American-Australian astrophysicist and Nobel Prize laureate recognized for his work on the accelerating expansion of the universe through observations of distant supernovae.
-
D.
Shira Perlmutter
Shira Perlmutter is an American intellectual property lawyer and policy expert who serves as the Register of Copyrights and director of the U.S. Copyright Office.
-
E.
John C. Mather
John C. Mather is an American astrophysicist and cosmologist, Nobel Prize laureate, and a leading scientist behind NASA’s Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) mission that helped confirm the Big Bang theory.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Saul Perlmutter Triple: [Gruber Cosmology Prize, notableRecipient, Saul Perlmutter]
Generated description
Saul Perlmutter is an American astrophysicist and Nobel laureate renowned for his leadership in discovering the accelerating expansion of the universe through observations of distant supernovae.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Saul Perlmutter Target entity description: Saul Perlmutter is an American astrophysicist and Nobel laureate renowned for his leadership in discovering the accelerating expansion of the universe through observations of distant supernovae.
-
A.
George F. Smoot
George F. Smoot is an American astrophysicist and cosmologist best known for his Nobel Prize–winning work on cosmic microwave background radiation, which provided strong evidence for the Big Bang theory.
-
B.
Sammy Perlmutter
Sammy Perlmutter is a television producer best known for serving as an executive producer on the anthology series "Genius."
-
C.
Brian Schmidt
Brian Schmidt is an American-Australian astrophysicist and Nobel Prize laureate recognized for his work on the accelerating expansion of the universe through observations of distant supernovae.
-
D.
Shira Perlmutter
Shira Perlmutter is an American intellectual property lawyer and policy expert who serves as the Register of Copyrights and director of the U.S. Copyright Office.
-
E.
John C. Mather
John C. Mather is an American astrophysicist and cosmologist, Nobel Prize laureate, and a leading scientist behind NASA’s Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) mission that helped confirm the Big Bang theory.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69aed932cab48190b80ffe35f7029ae1 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 2:29 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69af02a9bf348190b99cecd19fe65779 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 5:26 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69b57f478c948190a997e006015e588d |
completed | March 14, 2026, 3:31 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69b57fcd3d60819086ab5ad7b69242a2 |
completed | March 14, 2026, 3:33 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69b5803ec2088190ac9d4b3d34278e17 |
completed | March 14, 2026, 3:35 p.m. |
Created at: March 9, 2026, 3:44 p.m.