Triple
T4142071
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Gerard ’t Hooft |
E89292
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
’t Hooft–Veltman gauge
The ’t Hooft–Veltman gauge is a renormalizable gauge-fixing scheme in quantum field theory, particularly used in non-Abelian gauge theories to simplify calculations and maintain consistency of the theory.
|
E415090
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: ’t Hooft–Veltman gauge | Statement: [Gerard ’t Hooft, notableWork, ’t Hooft–Veltman gauge]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: ’t Hooft–Veltman gauge Context triple: [Gerard ’t Hooft, notableWork, ’t Hooft–Veltman gauge]
-
A.
Schwinger model
The Schwinger model is a two-dimensional quantum electrodynamics theory that serves as a exactly solvable toy model for studying phenomena like confinement, chiral symmetry breaking, and anomalies in quantum field theory.
-
B.
Pauli–Villars regularization
Pauli–Villars regularization is a technique in quantum field theory that controls ultraviolet divergences by introducing auxiliary heavy fields to render integrals finite.
-
C.
’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles
’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles are theoretical, finite-energy magnetic monopole solutions arising in certain non-abelian gauge theories with spontaneous symmetry breaking.
-
D.
Yang–Mills theory
Yang–Mills theory is a gauge field theory describing the behavior of non-abelian gauge fields, forming the mathematical foundation for modern particle physics, including the strong and electroweak interactions.
-
E.
Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model
The Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model is a theoretical framework in quantum field theory that illustrates spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking and mass generation for fermions, analogous to mechanisms in superconductivity.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: ’t Hooft–Veltman gauge Triple: [Gerard ’t Hooft, notableWork, ’t Hooft–Veltman gauge]
Generated description
The ’t Hooft–Veltman gauge is a renormalizable gauge-fixing scheme in quantum field theory, particularly used in non-Abelian gauge theories to simplify calculations and maintain consistency of the theory.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: ’t Hooft–Veltman gauge Target entity description: The ’t Hooft–Veltman gauge is a renormalizable gauge-fixing scheme in quantum field theory, particularly used in non-Abelian gauge theories to simplify calculations and maintain consistency of the theory.
-
A.
Schwinger model
The Schwinger model is a two-dimensional quantum electrodynamics theory that serves as a exactly solvable toy model for studying phenomena like confinement, chiral symmetry breaking, and anomalies in quantum field theory.
-
B.
Pauli–Villars regularization
Pauli–Villars regularization is a technique in quantum field theory that controls ultraviolet divergences by introducing auxiliary heavy fields to render integrals finite.
-
C.
’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles
’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles are theoretical, finite-energy magnetic monopole solutions arising in certain non-abelian gauge theories with spontaneous symmetry breaking.
-
D.
Yang–Mills theory
Yang–Mills theory is a gauge field theory describing the behavior of non-abelian gauge fields, forming the mathematical foundation for modern particle physics, including the strong and electroweak interactions.
-
E.
Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model
The Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model is a theoretical framework in quantum field theory that illustrates spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking and mass generation for fermions, analogous to mechanisms in superconductivity.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69aed95785788190ae75bcf0cd1cafdf |
completed | March 9, 2026, 2:29 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69af024b8fe4819098e8f393474363c8 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 5:24 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69b576cff6c881909134804ba6f9876d |
completed | March 14, 2026, 2:55 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69b577d391ac8190b6062b1f64e2e7e8 |
completed | March 14, 2026, 2:59 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69b5787ed214819092fc425152069df9 |
completed | March 14, 2026, 3:02 p.m. |
Created at: March 9, 2026, 3:43 p.m.