Triple

T4142070
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Gerard ’t Hooft E89292 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object ’t Hooft coupling
The ’t Hooft coupling is a rescaled gauge coupling constant, central in large-N gauge theory and string theory, that remains finite in the ’t Hooft large-N limit and controls the strength of interactions.
E415089 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: ’t Hooft coupling | Statement: [Gerard ’t Hooft, notableWork, ’t Hooft coupling]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: ’t Hooft coupling
Context triple: [Gerard ’t Hooft, notableWork, ’t Hooft coupling]
  • A. Gauge Theory Correlators from Non-Critical String Theory
    "Gauge Theory Correlators from Non-Critical String Theory" is a research paper that explores how non-critical string theory can be used to compute correlation functions in gauge theories, contributing to the development and understanding of the AdS/CFT correspondence.
  • B. AdS/CFT correspondence
    The AdS/CFT correspondence is a conjectured duality in theoretical physics that equates a gravity theory in anti-de Sitter space with a conformal field theory on its boundary, providing a powerful framework for understanding quantum gravity and strongly coupled quantum field theories.
  • C. Yukawa coupling
    The Yukawa coupling is a parameter in quantum field theory that quantifies the strength of interaction between a scalar field (such as the Higgs field) and a fermion, determining the fermion’s mass after symmetry breaking.
  • D. Gell-Mann–Low theorem
    The Gell-Mann–Low theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that rigorously connects interacting quantum fields to free fields via the adiabatic switching-on of interactions, underpinning the use of perturbation theory and the Dyson series.
  • E. Yang–Mills theory
    Yang–Mills theory is a gauge field theory describing the behavior of non-abelian gauge fields, forming the mathematical foundation for modern particle physics, including the strong and electroweak interactions.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: ’t Hooft coupling
Triple: [Gerard ’t Hooft, notableWork, ’t Hooft coupling]
Generated description
The ’t Hooft coupling is a rescaled gauge coupling constant, central in large-N gauge theory and string theory, that remains finite in the ’t Hooft large-N limit and controls the strength of interactions.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: ’t Hooft coupling
Target entity description: The ’t Hooft coupling is a rescaled gauge coupling constant, central in large-N gauge theory and string theory, that remains finite in the ’t Hooft large-N limit and controls the strength of interactions.
  • A. Gauge Theory Correlators from Non-Critical String Theory
    "Gauge Theory Correlators from Non-Critical String Theory" is a research paper that explores how non-critical string theory can be used to compute correlation functions in gauge theories, contributing to the development and understanding of the AdS/CFT correspondence.
  • B. AdS/CFT correspondence
    The AdS/CFT correspondence is a conjectured duality in theoretical physics that equates a gravity theory in anti-de Sitter space with a conformal field theory on its boundary, providing a powerful framework for understanding quantum gravity and strongly coupled quantum field theories.
  • C. Yukawa coupling
    The Yukawa coupling is a parameter in quantum field theory that quantifies the strength of interaction between a scalar field (such as the Higgs field) and a fermion, determining the fermion’s mass after symmetry breaking.
  • D. Gell-Mann–Low theorem
    The Gell-Mann–Low theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that rigorously connects interacting quantum fields to free fields via the adiabatic switching-on of interactions, underpinning the use of perturbation theory and the Dyson series.
  • E. Yang–Mills theory
    Yang–Mills theory is a gauge field theory describing the behavior of non-abelian gauge fields, forming the mathematical foundation for modern particle physics, including the strong and electroweak interactions.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69aed95785788190ae75bcf0cd1cafdf completed March 9, 2026, 2:29 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69af024b8fe4819098e8f393474363c8 completed March 9, 2026, 5:24 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69b576cff6c881909134804ba6f9876d completed March 14, 2026, 2:55 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69b577d391ac8190b6062b1f64e2e7e8 completed March 14, 2026, 2:59 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69b5787ed214819092fc425152069df9 completed March 14, 2026, 3:02 p.m.
Created at: March 9, 2026, 3:43 p.m.