Triple
T4142027
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Hendrik Anthony Kramers |
E89291
|
entity |
| Predicate | hasEponym |
P12247
|
FINISHED |
| Object | Kramers degeneracy |
E415082
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (2 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Kramers degeneracy | Statement: [Hendrik Anthony Kramers, hasEponym, Kramers degeneracy]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kramers degeneracy Context triple: [Hendrik Anthony Kramers, hasEponym, Kramers degeneracy]
-
A.
Kramers degeneracy
chosen
Kramers degeneracy is a quantum mechanical principle stating that in systems with time-reversal symmetry and half-integer spin, every energy level is at least doubly degenerate.
-
B.
Kramers turnover theory
Kramers turnover theory is a foundational concept in chemical physics that describes how reaction rates depend on friction or solvent viscosity, predicting a maximum (turnover) as friction varies.
-
C.
Kramers
Kramers is a Dutch surname most notably associated with physicist Hendrik Anthony Kramers, known for his contributions to quantum mechanics and statistical physics.
-
D.
Russell–Saunders coupling
Russell–Saunders coupling is an atomic physics scheme that describes how individual electron orbital and spin angular momenta combine to determine the total angular momentum of an atom, especially in light atoms.
-
E.
Landau–Zener formula
The Landau–Zener formula is a quantum mechanical result that gives the probability of non-adiabatic transitions between energy levels during an avoided crossing when a system’s parameters are varied in time.
- F. None of above.
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Provenance (3 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69aed95785788190ae75bcf0cd1cafdf |
completed | March 9, 2026, 2:29 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69af024b8fe4819098e8f393474363c8 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 5:24 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69b589e13e5881909c52e04875afc542 |
completed | March 14, 2026, 4:16 p.m. |
Created at: March 9, 2026, 3:43 p.m.