Triple

T4142009
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Hendrik Anthony Kramers E89291 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object Kramers–Heisenberg formula E415083 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (2 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Kramers–Heisenberg formula | Statement: [Hendrik Anthony Kramers, knownFor, Kramers–Heisenberg formula]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Kramers–Heisenberg formula
Context triple: [Hendrik Anthony Kramers, knownFor, Kramers–Heisenberg formula]
  • A. Kramers–Heisenberg dispersion formula chosen
    The Kramers–Heisenberg dispersion formula is a fundamental quantum mechanical expression that describes how light is scattered by atoms and molecules, forming the basis for understanding phenomena such as Raman scattering and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering.
  • B. Klein–Nishina formula
    The Klein–Nishina formula is a fundamental result in quantum electrodynamics that gives the differential cross section for Compton scattering of photons by free electrons, incorporating relativistic and quantum effects.
  • C. Kramers–Kronig relations
    The Kramers–Kronig relations are fundamental mathematical formulas in physics that connect the real and imaginary parts of a complex response function, expressing how causality constrains the frequency-dependent behavior of physical systems.
  • D. Landau–Zener formula
    The Landau–Zener formula is a quantum mechanical result that gives the probability of non-adiabatic transitions between energy levels during an avoided crossing when a system’s parameters are varied in time.
  • E. Kramers turnover theory
    Kramers turnover theory is a foundational concept in chemical physics that describes how reaction rates depend on friction or solvent viscosity, predicting a maximum (turnover) as friction varies.
  • F. None of above.
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Provenance (3 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69aed95785788190ae75bcf0cd1cafdf completed March 9, 2026, 2:29 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69af024b8fe4819098e8f393474363c8 completed March 9, 2026, 5:24 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69b57f2e787881908a9721877b0fd4ae completed March 14, 2026, 3:30 p.m.
Created at: March 9, 2026, 3:43 p.m.