Triple

T4091833
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Rolf Landauer E87720 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object Landauer–Büttiker formalism
The Landauer–Büttiker formalism is a theoretical framework in mesoscopic physics that describes electrical conductance in terms of quantum transmission of electrons through scattering channels.
E412901 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Landauer–Büttiker formalism | Statement: [Rolf Landauer, knownFor, Landauer–Büttiker formalism]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Landauer–Büttiker formalism
Context triple: [Rolf Landauer, knownFor, Landauer–Büttiker formalism]
  • A. Landau–Zener formula
    The Landau–Zener formula is a quantum mechanical result that gives the probability of non-adiabatic transitions between energy levels during an avoided crossing when a system’s parameters are varied in time.
  • B. Eliashberg theory
    Eliashberg theory is an extension of BCS superconductivity that incorporates strong-coupling and frequency-dependent effects to more accurately describe real superconducting materials.
  • C. Luttinger liquid theory
    Luttinger liquid theory is a framework describing the collective, non-Fermi-liquid behavior of interacting electrons in one-dimensional conductors, where excitations are best understood as bosonic density waves rather than quasiparticles.
  • D. Kirkwood approximation in statistical mechanics
    The Kirkwood approximation in statistical mechanics is a method for approximating many-particle correlation functions by expressing higher-order correlations in terms of lower-order ones, simplifying the description of interacting particle systems.
  • E. Onsager reciprocal relations
    Onsager reciprocal relations are fundamental symmetry relations in nonequilibrium thermodynamics that link pairs of coupled fluxes and forces, showing that certain transport coefficients are equal.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Landauer–Büttiker formalism
Triple: [Rolf Landauer, knownFor, Landauer–Büttiker formalism]
Generated description
The Landauer–Büttiker formalism is a theoretical framework in mesoscopic physics that describes electrical conductance in terms of quantum transmission of electrons through scattering channels.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Landauer–Büttiker formalism
Target entity description: The Landauer–Büttiker formalism is a theoretical framework in mesoscopic physics that describes electrical conductance in terms of quantum transmission of electrons through scattering channels.
  • A. Landau–Zener formula
    The Landau–Zener formula is a quantum mechanical result that gives the probability of non-adiabatic transitions between energy levels during an avoided crossing when a system’s parameters are varied in time.
  • B. Eliashberg theory
    Eliashberg theory is an extension of BCS superconductivity that incorporates strong-coupling and frequency-dependent effects to more accurately describe real superconducting materials.
  • C. Luttinger liquid theory
    Luttinger liquid theory is a framework describing the collective, non-Fermi-liquid behavior of interacting electrons in one-dimensional conductors, where excitations are best understood as bosonic density waves rather than quasiparticles.
  • D. Kirkwood approximation in statistical mechanics
    The Kirkwood approximation in statistical mechanics is a method for approximating many-particle correlation functions by expressing higher-order correlations in terms of lower-order ones, simplifying the description of interacting particle systems.
  • E. Onsager reciprocal relations
    Onsager reciprocal relations are fundamental symmetry relations in nonequilibrium thermodynamics that link pairs of coupled fluxes and forces, showing that certain transport coefficients are equal.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69aed94425148190be337845d56fac22 completed March 9, 2026, 2:29 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69aefcae22a081908af65a960306b78c completed March 9, 2026, 5 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69b56b6cfb288190ac08c3a37327ac9a completed March 14, 2026, 2:06 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69b56cd11b5c8190b7e7c9c91b6564b6 completed March 14, 2026, 2:12 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69b56d3ff45881909f8b2c21ce51e0f0 completed March 14, 2026, 2:14 p.m.
Created at: March 9, 2026, 3:40 p.m.