Triple

T4046083
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Bohr model of the atom E84068 entity
Predicate explains P264 FINISHED
Object Rydberg formula for hydrogen spectral lines
The Rydberg formula for hydrogen spectral lines is a mathematical expression that predicts the wavelengths of light emitted or absorbed by hydrogen atoms as their electrons transition between quantized energy levels.
E160621 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Rydberg formula for hydrogen spectral lines | Statement: [Bohr model of the atom, explains, Rydberg formula for hydrogen spectral lines]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Rydberg formula for hydrogen spectral lines
Context triple: [Bohr model of the atom, explains, Rydberg formula for hydrogen spectral lines]
  • A. Lyman series in hydrogen spectrum
    The Lyman series in the hydrogen spectrum is a set of ultraviolet emission or absorption lines produced when electrons in hydrogen atoms transition from higher energy levels down to the ground state (n=1).
  • B. Rydberg constant
    The Rydberg constant is a fundamental physical constant that characterizes the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (or lowest wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, playing a key role in atomic spectroscopy and quantum theory.
  • C. Sommerfeld fine-structure formula
    The Sommerfeld fine-structure formula is a relativistic extension of the Bohr model that accurately predicts the fine-structure energy levels of the hydrogen atom.
  • D. Atombau und Spektrallinien
    *Atombau und Spektrallinien* is Arnold Sommerfeld’s influential textbook on atomic structure and spectral lines that helped shape the development of early quantum theory.
  • E. Saha ionization equation
    The Saha ionization equation is a fundamental formula in astrophysics and plasma physics that relates the ionization state of a gas in thermal equilibrium to its temperature and pressure, crucial for understanding stellar atmospheres and spectra.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Rydberg formula for hydrogen spectral lines
Triple: [Bohr model of the atom, explains, Rydberg formula for hydrogen spectral lines]
Generated description
The Rydberg formula for hydrogen spectral lines is a mathematical expression that predicts the wavelengths of light emitted or absorbed by hydrogen atoms as their electrons transition between quantized energy levels.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Rydberg formula for hydrogen spectral lines
Target entity description: The Rydberg formula for hydrogen spectral lines is a mathematical expression that predicts the wavelengths of light emitted or absorbed by hydrogen atoms as their electrons transition between quantized energy levels.
  • A. Lyman series in hydrogen spectrum
    The Lyman series in the hydrogen spectrum is a set of ultraviolet emission or absorption lines produced when electrons in hydrogen atoms transition from higher energy levels down to the ground state (n=1).
  • B. Rydberg constant chosen
    The Rydberg constant is a fundamental physical constant that characterizes the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (or lowest wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, playing a key role in atomic spectroscopy and quantum theory.
  • C. Sommerfeld fine-structure formula
    The Sommerfeld fine-structure formula is a relativistic extension of the Bohr model that accurately predicts the fine-structure energy levels of the hydrogen atom.
  • D. Atombau und Spektrallinien
    *Atombau und Spektrallinien* is Arnold Sommerfeld’s influential textbook on atomic structure and spectral lines that helped shape the development of early quantum theory.
  • E. Saha ionization equation
    The Saha ionization equation is a fundamental formula in astrophysics and plasma physics that relates the ionization state of a gas in thermal equilibrium to its temperature and pressure, crucial for understanding stellar atmospheres and spectra.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69aed930bd5c819083e7dcc14fc44f69 completed March 9, 2026, 2:29 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69aefb6135b481909d2be890a2140ff9 completed March 9, 2026, 4:54 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69b55652228c8190a9f301676deb0055 completed March 14, 2026, 12:36 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69b556fec4708190b221893ec35f1a38 completed March 14, 2026, 12:39 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69b557f73cbc8190b904089ab0fa97d6 completed March 14, 2026, 12:43 p.m.
Created at: March 9, 2026, 3:37 p.m.