Triple
T3973784
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Homi J. Bhabha |
E85592
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Bhabha–Heitler theory of cascade showers
The Bhabha–Heitler theory of cascade showers is a foundational quantum electrodynamics model that explains how high-energy cosmic rays generate particle cascades as they interact with matter and radiation in the atmosphere.
|
E403516
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Bhabha–Heitler theory of cascade showers | Statement: [Homi J. Bhabha, notableWork, Bhabha–Heitler theory of cascade showers]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bhabha–Heitler theory of cascade showers Context triple: [Homi J. Bhabha, notableWork, Bhabha–Heitler theory of cascade showers]
-
A.
Sommerfeld–Brillouin precursor theory
Sommerfeld–Brillouin precursor theory is a classical electromagnetic wave theory that explains how transient signal fronts (precursors) propagate through dispersive media before the main wave arrives.
-
B.
Fermi theory of beta decay
The Fermi theory of beta decay is Enrico Fermi’s pioneering quantum field theory model that explains beta decay as a weak interaction process mediated by a four-fermion contact interaction, laying the groundwork for modern weak interaction theory.
-
C.
Bethe–Feynman formula for nuclear explosions
The Bethe–Feynman formula for nuclear explosions is a theoretical expression developed by Hans Bethe and Richard Feynman that estimates the energy yield and behavior of nuclear detonations based on fundamental physical parameters of the device.
-
D.
Meitner–Frisch interpretation of fission
The Meitner–Frisch interpretation of fission is the 1939 theoretical explanation by Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch that identified nuclear fission as the splitting of heavy atomic nuclei with a corresponding release of enormous energy, laying the groundwork for nuclear physics and atomic energy.
-
E.
Bethe formula for stopping power
The Bethe formula for stopping power is a fundamental equation in particle physics that quantifies the energy loss of fast charged particles as they pass through matter.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Bhabha–Heitler theory of cascade showers Triple: [Homi J. Bhabha, notableWork, Bhabha–Heitler theory of cascade showers]
Generated description
The Bhabha–Heitler theory of cascade showers is a foundational quantum electrodynamics model that explains how high-energy cosmic rays generate particle cascades as they interact with matter and radiation in the atmosphere.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bhabha–Heitler theory of cascade showers Target entity description: The Bhabha–Heitler theory of cascade showers is a foundational quantum electrodynamics model that explains how high-energy cosmic rays generate particle cascades as they interact with matter and radiation in the atmosphere.
-
A.
Sommerfeld–Brillouin precursor theory
Sommerfeld–Brillouin precursor theory is a classical electromagnetic wave theory that explains how transient signal fronts (precursors) propagate through dispersive media before the main wave arrives.
-
B.
Fermi theory of beta decay
The Fermi theory of beta decay is Enrico Fermi’s pioneering quantum field theory model that explains beta decay as a weak interaction process mediated by a four-fermion contact interaction, laying the groundwork for modern weak interaction theory.
-
C.
Bethe–Feynman formula for nuclear explosions
The Bethe–Feynman formula for nuclear explosions is a theoretical expression developed by Hans Bethe and Richard Feynman that estimates the energy yield and behavior of nuclear detonations based on fundamental physical parameters of the device.
-
D.
Meitner–Frisch interpretation of fission
The Meitner–Frisch interpretation of fission is the 1939 theoretical explanation by Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch that identified nuclear fission as the splitting of heavy atomic nuclei with a corresponding release of enormous energy, laying the groundwork for nuclear physics and atomic energy.
-
E.
Bethe formula for stopping power
The Bethe formula for stopping power is a fundamental equation in particle physics that quantifies the energy loss of fast charged particles as they pass through matter.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69aed93908348190a26c8aaf4fab3e86 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 2:29 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69aef99837cc8190b8b2464707f5e334 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 4:47 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69b540139c2c819080aa19b13540c76a |
completed | March 14, 2026, 11:01 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69b540ec36a4819082a9cbefc99bd683 |
completed | March 14, 2026, 11:05 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69b5416d182c81908b1ae43ed097d288 |
completed | March 14, 2026, 11:07 a.m. |
Created at: March 9, 2026, 3:32 p.m.