Triple

T3780916
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Ulam stability E85413 entity
Predicate appliesTo P1129 FINISHED
Object Cauchy functional equation
The Cauchy functional equation is a fundamental equation in functional analysis and real analysis, typically of the form f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y), whose solutions characterize additive functions and illustrate the contrast between regular (e.g., continuous) and highly pathological behaviors.
E387476 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Cauchy functional equation | Statement: [Ulam stability, appliesTo, Cauchy functional equation]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Cauchy functional equation
Context triple: [Ulam stability, appliesTo, Cauchy functional equation]
  • A. Cauchy–Euler equation
    The Cauchy–Euler equation is a type of linear ordinary differential equation with variable coefficients that often appears in problems with power-law or scale-invariant behavior.
  • B. Cauchy–Kovalevskaya theorem
    The Cauchy–Kovalevskaya theorem is a fundamental result in partial differential equations that guarantees the existence and uniqueness of analytic solutions to certain initial value problems under appropriate analyticity conditions.
  • C. Ulam stability
    Ulam stability is a concept in the theory of functional equations that studies when approximate solutions imply the existence of exact solutions nearby, forming the basis of what is now called Hyers–Ulam stability.
  • D. Cauchy–Riemann equations
    The Cauchy–Riemann equations are fundamental conditions in complex analysis that characterize when a complex-valued function is holomorphic (complex differentiable).
  • E. Cauchy–Hadamard theorem
    The Cauchy–Hadamard theorem is a fundamental result in complex analysis that characterizes the radius of convergence of a power series in terms of the growth rate of its coefficients.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Cauchy functional equation
Triple: [Ulam stability, appliesTo, Cauchy functional equation]
Generated description
The Cauchy functional equation is a fundamental equation in functional analysis and real analysis, typically of the form f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y), whose solutions characterize additive functions and illustrate the contrast between regular (e.g., continuous) and highly pathological behaviors.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Cauchy functional equation
Target entity description: The Cauchy functional equation is a fundamental equation in functional analysis and real analysis, typically of the form f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y), whose solutions characterize additive functions and illustrate the contrast between regular (e.g., continuous) and highly pathological behaviors.
  • A. Cauchy–Euler equation
    The Cauchy–Euler equation is a type of linear ordinary differential equation with variable coefficients that often appears in problems with power-law or scale-invariant behavior.
  • B. Cauchy–Kovalevskaya theorem
    The Cauchy–Kovalevskaya theorem is a fundamental result in partial differential equations that guarantees the existence and uniqueness of analytic solutions to certain initial value problems under appropriate analyticity conditions.
  • C. Ulam stability
    Ulam stability is a concept in the theory of functional equations that studies when approximate solutions imply the existence of exact solutions nearby, forming the basis of what is now called Hyers–Ulam stability.
  • D. Cauchy–Riemann equations
    The Cauchy–Riemann equations are fundamental conditions in complex analysis that characterize when a complex-valued function is holomorphic (complex differentiable).
  • E. Cauchy–Hadamard theorem
    The Cauchy–Hadamard theorem is a fundamental result in complex analysis that characterizes the radius of convergence of a power series in terms of the growth rate of its coefficients.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69aed937fa8881908208ef3801060826 completed March 9, 2026, 2:29 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69aee3d98b38819094df9569b549124f completed March 9, 2026, 3:14 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69b4f04353a881908e612a10572eb8c5 completed March 14, 2026, 5:21 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69b4f0e77efc8190b4459d4559261a2f completed March 14, 2026, 5:23 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69b4f15cfde88190bcb2680b90f98111 completed March 14, 2026, 5:25 a.m.
Created at: March 9, 2026, 3:12 p.m.