Triple
T3780916
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Ulam stability |
E85413
|
entity |
| Predicate | appliesTo |
P1129
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Cauchy functional equation
The Cauchy functional equation is a fundamental equation in functional analysis and real analysis, typically of the form f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y), whose solutions characterize additive functions and illustrate the contrast between regular (e.g., continuous) and highly pathological behaviors.
|
E387476
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Cauchy functional equation | Statement: [Ulam stability, appliesTo, Cauchy functional equation]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Cauchy functional equation Context triple: [Ulam stability, appliesTo, Cauchy functional equation]
-
A.
Cauchy–Euler equation
The Cauchy–Euler equation is a type of linear ordinary differential equation with variable coefficients that often appears in problems with power-law or scale-invariant behavior.
-
B.
Cauchy–Kovalevskaya theorem
The Cauchy–Kovalevskaya theorem is a fundamental result in partial differential equations that guarantees the existence and uniqueness of analytic solutions to certain initial value problems under appropriate analyticity conditions.
-
C.
Ulam stability
Ulam stability is a concept in the theory of functional equations that studies when approximate solutions imply the existence of exact solutions nearby, forming the basis of what is now called Hyers–Ulam stability.
-
D.
Cauchy–Riemann equations
The Cauchy–Riemann equations are fundamental conditions in complex analysis that characterize when a complex-valued function is holomorphic (complex differentiable).
-
E.
Cauchy–Hadamard theorem
The Cauchy–Hadamard theorem is a fundamental result in complex analysis that characterizes the radius of convergence of a power series in terms of the growth rate of its coefficients.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Cauchy functional equation Triple: [Ulam stability, appliesTo, Cauchy functional equation]
Generated description
The Cauchy functional equation is a fundamental equation in functional analysis and real analysis, typically of the form f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y), whose solutions characterize additive functions and illustrate the contrast between regular (e.g., continuous) and highly pathological behaviors.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Cauchy functional equation Target entity description: The Cauchy functional equation is a fundamental equation in functional analysis and real analysis, typically of the form f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y), whose solutions characterize additive functions and illustrate the contrast between regular (e.g., continuous) and highly pathological behaviors.
-
A.
Cauchy–Euler equation
The Cauchy–Euler equation is a type of linear ordinary differential equation with variable coefficients that often appears in problems with power-law or scale-invariant behavior.
-
B.
Cauchy–Kovalevskaya theorem
The Cauchy–Kovalevskaya theorem is a fundamental result in partial differential equations that guarantees the existence and uniqueness of analytic solutions to certain initial value problems under appropriate analyticity conditions.
-
C.
Ulam stability
Ulam stability is a concept in the theory of functional equations that studies when approximate solutions imply the existence of exact solutions nearby, forming the basis of what is now called Hyers–Ulam stability.
-
D.
Cauchy–Riemann equations
The Cauchy–Riemann equations are fundamental conditions in complex analysis that characterize when a complex-valued function is holomorphic (complex differentiable).
-
E.
Cauchy–Hadamard theorem
The Cauchy–Hadamard theorem is a fundamental result in complex analysis that characterizes the radius of convergence of a power series in terms of the growth rate of its coefficients.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69aed937fa8881908208ef3801060826 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 2:29 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69aee3d98b38819094df9569b549124f |
completed | March 9, 2026, 3:14 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69b4f04353a881908e612a10572eb8c5 |
completed | March 14, 2026, 5:21 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69b4f0e77efc8190b4459d4559261a2f |
completed | March 14, 2026, 5:23 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69b4f15cfde88190bcb2680b90f98111 |
completed | March 14, 2026, 5:25 a.m. |
Created at: March 9, 2026, 3:12 p.m.