Triple
T373778
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Bernhard Riemann |
E8325
|
entity |
| Predicate | knownFor |
P22
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Riemann integral
The Riemann integral is a fundamental concept in calculus that defines the integral of a function as the limit of sums of function values over increasingly fine partitions of an interval.
|
E47347
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Riemann integral | Statement: [Bernhard Riemann, knownFor, Riemann integral]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Riemann integral Context triple: [Bernhard Riemann, knownFor, Riemann integral]
-
A.
Gaussian integral
The Gaussian integral is a fundamental result in mathematics that evaluates the integral of the exponential of a negative quadratic function over the entire real line, yielding a value proportional to the square root of π and underpinning the normal distribution in probability theory.
-
B.
Gauss’s constant
Gauss’s constant is a mathematical constant arising in number theory and complex analysis, particularly in connection with the lemniscate and elliptic functions.
-
C.
inverse function theorem
The inverse function theorem is a fundamental result in calculus and differential geometry that gives conditions under which a differentiable function has a locally defined differentiable inverse near a point where its derivative is invertible.
-
D.
Itô calculus
Itô calculus is a branch of stochastic analysis that extends classical calculus to functions of stochastic processes, particularly Brownian motion, enabling rigorous treatment of stochastic differential equations.
-
E.
implicit function theorem
The implicit function theorem is a fundamental result in calculus and differential geometry that guarantees, under suitable smoothness and nondegeneracy conditions, the local solvability of equations for some variables as differentiable functions of others.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Riemann integral Triple: [Bernhard Riemann, knownFor, Riemann integral]
Generated description
The Riemann integral is a fundamental concept in calculus that defines the integral of a function as the limit of sums of function values over increasingly fine partitions of an interval.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Riemann integral Target entity description: The Riemann integral is a fundamental concept in calculus that defines the integral of a function as the limit of sums of function values over increasingly fine partitions of an interval.
-
A.
Gaussian integral
The Gaussian integral is a fundamental result in mathematics that evaluates the integral of the exponential of a negative quadratic function over the entire real line, yielding a value proportional to the square root of π and underpinning the normal distribution in probability theory.
-
B.
Gauss’s constant
Gauss’s constant is a mathematical constant arising in number theory and complex analysis, particularly in connection with the lemniscate and elliptic functions.
-
C.
inverse function theorem
The inverse function theorem is a fundamental result in calculus and differential geometry that gives conditions under which a differentiable function has a locally defined differentiable inverse near a point where its derivative is invertible.
-
D.
Itô calculus
Itô calculus is a branch of stochastic analysis that extends classical calculus to functions of stochastic processes, particularly Brownian motion, enabling rigorous treatment of stochastic differential equations.
-
E.
implicit function theorem
The implicit function theorem is a fundamental result in calculus and differential geometry that guarantees, under suitable smoothness and nondegeneracy conditions, the local solvability of equations for some variables as differentiable functions of others.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a2e7f2ec648190b42bc7db424f8109 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 1:04 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a2ec13b9b48190b294d998c6720132 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 1:22 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69a3f0a9608481908bee4d83768e6497 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 7:54 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69a3f131d1f88190ac131204c5402687 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 7:56 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69a3f202f308819098affb41d502d5fb |
completed | March 1, 2026, 8 a.m. |
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 1:08 p.m.