Triple

T3713934
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Stephen L. Buchwald E81480 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object Buchwald–Hartwig amination
The Buchwald–Hartwig amination is a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction that forms carbon–nitrogen bonds by coupling aryl (or vinyl) halides with amines, widely used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals.
E381391 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Buchwald–Hartwig amination | Statement: [Stephen L. Buchwald, knownFor, Buchwald–Hartwig amination]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Buchwald–Hartwig amination
Context triple: [Stephen L. Buchwald, knownFor, Buchwald–Hartwig amination]
  • A. Suzuki coupling
    Suzuki coupling is a widely used palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction that forms carbon–carbon bonds between organoboron compounds and organic halides, fundamental in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical chemistry.
  • B. Sharpless epoxidation
    Sharpless epoxidation is a landmark asymmetric oxidation reaction in organic chemistry that enables the enantioselective conversion of allylic alcohols to epoxides using chiral catalysts.
  • C. Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation
    Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation is a landmark chemical reaction that uses chiral catalysts to add two hydroxyl groups across an alkene with high enantioselectivity, revolutionizing asymmetric synthesis in organic chemistry.
  • D. Sharpless aminohydroxylation
    Sharpless aminohydroxylation is a stereoselective chemical reaction that converts alkenes into vicinal amino alcohols using a chiral catalyst, widely used in asymmetric synthesis.
  • E. click chemistry
    Click chemistry is a modular, high-yielding approach to chemical synthesis that uses simple, reliable reactions to rapidly assemble complex molecules, widely applied in drug discovery, materials science, and chemical biology.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Buchwald–Hartwig amination
Triple: [Stephen L. Buchwald, knownFor, Buchwald–Hartwig amination]
Generated description
The Buchwald–Hartwig amination is a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction that forms carbon–nitrogen bonds by coupling aryl (or vinyl) halides with amines, widely used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Buchwald–Hartwig amination
Target entity description: The Buchwald–Hartwig amination is a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction that forms carbon–nitrogen bonds by coupling aryl (or vinyl) halides with amines, widely used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals.
  • A. Suzuki coupling
    Suzuki coupling is a widely used palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction that forms carbon–carbon bonds between organoboron compounds and organic halides, fundamental in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical chemistry.
  • B. Sharpless epoxidation
    Sharpless epoxidation is a landmark asymmetric oxidation reaction in organic chemistry that enables the enantioselective conversion of allylic alcohols to epoxides using chiral catalysts.
  • C. Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation
    Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation is a landmark chemical reaction that uses chiral catalysts to add two hydroxyl groups across an alkene with high enantioselectivity, revolutionizing asymmetric synthesis in organic chemistry.
  • D. Sharpless aminohydroxylation
    Sharpless aminohydroxylation is a stereoselective chemical reaction that converts alkenes into vicinal amino alcohols using a chiral catalyst, widely used in asymmetric synthesis.
  • E. click chemistry
    Click chemistry is a modular, high-yielding approach to chemical synthesis that uses simple, reliable reactions to rapidly assemble complex molecules, widely applied in drug discovery, materials science, and chemical biology.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ad8b1a81588190b3f27a5483bb610e completed March 8, 2026, 2:43 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69adc9ccfad081908730ed15c6f87ce2 completed March 8, 2026, 7:11 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69b4ce0c3320819092ca5dd0694e167f completed March 14, 2026, 2:55 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69b4ceef46cc819096e0d824153d1544 completed March 14, 2026, 2:58 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69b4cf6c4e5c8190bee35fc33d707823 completed March 14, 2026, 3:01 a.m.
Created at: March 8, 2026, 3:33 p.m.