Triple
T3676923
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Einstein–Maxwell equations |
E78014
|
entity |
| Predicate | relatedTo |
P37
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Kaluza–Klein theory
Kaluza–Klein theory is a higher-dimensional unification framework that extends general relativity by adding extra spatial dimensions to geometrically incorporate electromagnetism (and potentially other forces) alongside gravity.
|
E378341
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Kaluza–Klein theory | Statement: [Einstein–Maxwell equations, relatedTo, Kaluza–Klein theory]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kaluza–Klein theory Context triple: [Einstein–Maxwell equations, relatedTo, Kaluza–Klein theory]
-
A.
Green–Schwarz mechanism
The Green–Schwarz mechanism is a key anomaly-cancellation process in string theory that ensures the mathematical consistency of certain superstring models by eliminating gauge and gravitational anomalies.
-
B.
M-theory
M-theory is a proposed unifying framework in theoretical physics that generalizes string theories into an eleven-dimensional model aiming to reconcile quantum mechanics with gravity.
-
C.
Yang–Mills theory
Yang–Mills theory is a gauge field theory describing the behavior of non-abelian gauge fields, forming the mathematical foundation for modern particle physics, including the strong and electroweak interactions.
-
D.
Born–Infeld electrodynamics
Born–Infeld electrodynamics is a nonlinear modification of classical Maxwell theory proposed to remove the infinite self-energy of point charges by introducing an upper bound on the electromagnetic field strength.
-
E.
Weyl’s gauge theory
Weyl’s gauge theory is an early 20th-century theoretical framework that introduced the concept of local gauge invariance, laying foundational ideas for modern gauge theories in particle physics.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Kaluza–Klein theory Triple: [Einstein–Maxwell equations, relatedTo, Kaluza–Klein theory]
Generated description
Kaluza–Klein theory is a higher-dimensional unification framework that extends general relativity by adding extra spatial dimensions to geometrically incorporate electromagnetism (and potentially other forces) alongside gravity.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kaluza–Klein theory Target entity description: Kaluza–Klein theory is a higher-dimensional unification framework that extends general relativity by adding extra spatial dimensions to geometrically incorporate electromagnetism (and potentially other forces) alongside gravity.
-
A.
Green–Schwarz mechanism
The Green–Schwarz mechanism is a key anomaly-cancellation process in string theory that ensures the mathematical consistency of certain superstring models by eliminating gauge and gravitational anomalies.
-
B.
M-theory
M-theory is a proposed unifying framework in theoretical physics that generalizes string theories into an eleven-dimensional model aiming to reconcile quantum mechanics with gravity.
-
C.
Yang–Mills theory
Yang–Mills theory is a gauge field theory describing the behavior of non-abelian gauge fields, forming the mathematical foundation for modern particle physics, including the strong and electroweak interactions.
-
D.
Born–Infeld electrodynamics
Born–Infeld electrodynamics is a nonlinear modification of classical Maxwell theory proposed to remove the infinite self-energy of point charges by introducing an upper bound on the electromagnetic field strength.
-
E.
Weyl’s gauge theory
Weyl’s gauge theory is an early 20th-century theoretical framework that introduced the concept of local gauge invariance, laying foundational ideas for modern gauge theories in particle physics.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ad85e18c1c8190be8aafb227f39f48 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 2:21 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69adc4643cf08190b2d10ddf4aac7407 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 6:48 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69b48859949081908fd8291bf6a3372b |
completed | March 13, 2026, 9:57 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69b48aede85481909f4fc17c3968f285 |
completed | March 13, 2026, 10:08 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69b4b95fae2c819091d8cc1d86eb091d |
completed | March 14, 2026, 1:26 a.m. |
Created at: March 8, 2026, 3:25 p.m.