Triple

T3576797
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Bethe–Salpeter equation E75707 entity
Predicate uses P98 FINISHED
Object Bethe–Salpeter kernel
The Bethe–Salpeter kernel is the interaction term in the Bethe–Salpeter formalism that encodes the effective two-particle irreducible interactions governing bound states and scattering processes in relativistic quantum field theory.
E75707 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Bethe–Salpeter kernel | Statement: [Bethe–Salpeter equation, uses, Bethe–Salpeter kernel]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bethe–Salpeter kernel
Context triple: [Bethe–Salpeter equation, uses, Bethe–Salpeter kernel]
  • A. Bethe–Salpeter equation
    The Bethe–Salpeter equation is a relativistic quantum field theory equation that describes bound states of two interacting particles, such as electron–hole pairs in quantum electrodynamics.
  • B. Bethe
    Bethe is a surname most notably associated with Hans Bethe, the Nobel Prize–winning physicist who made foundational contributions to nuclear astrophysics and quantum mechanics.
  • C. Herzberg–Teller approximation
    The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
  • D. Huang–Rhys factor
    The Huang–Rhys factor is a dimensionless parameter in solid-state and molecular spectroscopy that quantifies the strength of electron–phonon (vibronic) coupling during electronic transitions.
  • E. Yukawa potential
    The Yukawa potential is a mathematical model in physics that describes the short-range force between particles mediated by massive bosons, originally proposed to explain the nuclear force between nucleons.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Bethe–Salpeter kernel
Triple: [Bethe–Salpeter equation, uses, Bethe–Salpeter kernel]
Generated description
The Bethe–Salpeter kernel is the interaction term in the Bethe–Salpeter formalism that encodes the effective two-particle irreducible interactions governing bound states and scattering processes in relativistic quantum field theory.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bethe–Salpeter kernel
Target entity description: The Bethe–Salpeter kernel is the interaction term in the Bethe–Salpeter formalism that encodes the effective two-particle irreducible interactions governing bound states and scattering processes in relativistic quantum field theory.
  • A. Bethe–Salpeter equation chosen
    The Bethe–Salpeter equation is a relativistic quantum field theory equation that describes bound states of two interacting particles, such as electron–hole pairs in quantum electrodynamics.
  • B. Bethe
    Bethe is a surname most notably associated with Hans Bethe, the Nobel Prize–winning physicist who made foundational contributions to nuclear astrophysics and quantum mechanics.
  • C. Herzberg–Teller approximation
    The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
  • D. Huang–Rhys factor
    The Huang–Rhys factor is a dimensionless parameter in solid-state and molecular spectroscopy that quantifies the strength of electron–phonon (vibronic) coupling during electronic transitions.
  • E. Yukawa potential
    The Yukawa potential is a mathematical model in physics that describes the short-range force between particles mediated by massive bosons, originally proposed to explain the nuclear force between nucleons.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ad85d5e3008190bdfe0bacdd1f5a1b completed March 8, 2026, 2:21 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69adc0dba238819083a1d09005c312b8 completed March 8, 2026, 6:32 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69b3bbc3d4e88190b18ed318c55594cc completed March 13, 2026, 7:24 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69b3bd01ba7881909a0987b7d5dad4c2 completed March 13, 2026, 7:30 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69b3f5b6e66c81908700d5f3df0a864d completed March 13, 2026, 11:32 a.m.
Created at: March 8, 2026, 3:21 p.m.