Triple
T3576797
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Bethe–Salpeter equation |
E75707
|
entity |
| Predicate | uses |
P98
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Bethe–Salpeter kernel
The Bethe–Salpeter kernel is the interaction term in the Bethe–Salpeter formalism that encodes the effective two-particle irreducible interactions governing bound states and scattering processes in relativistic quantum field theory.
|
E75707
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Bethe–Salpeter kernel | Statement: [Bethe–Salpeter equation, uses, Bethe–Salpeter kernel]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bethe–Salpeter kernel Context triple: [Bethe–Salpeter equation, uses, Bethe–Salpeter kernel]
-
A.
Bethe–Salpeter equation
The Bethe–Salpeter equation is a relativistic quantum field theory equation that describes bound states of two interacting particles, such as electron–hole pairs in quantum electrodynamics.
-
B.
Bethe
Bethe is a surname most notably associated with Hans Bethe, the Nobel Prize–winning physicist who made foundational contributions to nuclear astrophysics and quantum mechanics.
-
C.
Herzberg–Teller approximation
The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
-
D.
Huang–Rhys factor
The Huang–Rhys factor is a dimensionless parameter in solid-state and molecular spectroscopy that quantifies the strength of electron–phonon (vibronic) coupling during electronic transitions.
-
E.
Yukawa potential
The Yukawa potential is a mathematical model in physics that describes the short-range force between particles mediated by massive bosons, originally proposed to explain the nuclear force between nucleons.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Bethe–Salpeter kernel Triple: [Bethe–Salpeter equation, uses, Bethe–Salpeter kernel]
Generated description
The Bethe–Salpeter kernel is the interaction term in the Bethe–Salpeter formalism that encodes the effective two-particle irreducible interactions governing bound states and scattering processes in relativistic quantum field theory.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bethe–Salpeter kernel Target entity description: The Bethe–Salpeter kernel is the interaction term in the Bethe–Salpeter formalism that encodes the effective two-particle irreducible interactions governing bound states and scattering processes in relativistic quantum field theory.
-
A.
Bethe–Salpeter equation
chosen
The Bethe–Salpeter equation is a relativistic quantum field theory equation that describes bound states of two interacting particles, such as electron–hole pairs in quantum electrodynamics.
-
B.
Bethe
Bethe is a surname most notably associated with Hans Bethe, the Nobel Prize–winning physicist who made foundational contributions to nuclear astrophysics and quantum mechanics.
-
C.
Herzberg–Teller approximation
The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
-
D.
Huang–Rhys factor
The Huang–Rhys factor is a dimensionless parameter in solid-state and molecular spectroscopy that quantifies the strength of electron–phonon (vibronic) coupling during electronic transitions.
-
E.
Yukawa potential
The Yukawa potential is a mathematical model in physics that describes the short-range force between particles mediated by massive bosons, originally proposed to explain the nuclear force between nucleons.
- F. None of above.
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ad85d5e3008190bdfe0bacdd1f5a1b |
completed | March 8, 2026, 2:21 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69adc0dba238819083a1d09005c312b8 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 6:32 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69b3bbc3d4e88190b18ed318c55594cc |
completed | March 13, 2026, 7:24 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69b3bd01ba7881909a0987b7d5dad4c2 |
completed | March 13, 2026, 7:30 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69b3f5b6e66c81908700d5f3df0a864d |
completed | March 13, 2026, 11:32 a.m. |
Created at: March 8, 2026, 3:21 p.m.