Triple

T354319
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Vera Rubin E7509 entity
Predicate influencedBy P9 FINISHED
Object Fritz Zwicky
Fritz Zwicky was a Swiss astronomer and physicist best known for pioneering work on dark matter, supernovae, and galaxy clusters, profoundly shaping modern astrophysics.
E48364 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Fritz Zwicky | Statement: [Vera Rubin, influencedBy, Fritz Zwicky]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Fritz Zwicky
Context triple: [Vera Rubin, influencedBy, Fritz Zwicky]
  • A. Bruno Rossi
    Bruno Rossi was an Italian experimental physicist and pioneer in cosmic-ray and high-energy astrophysics who played a key role in early nuclear research and space science.
  • B. Walter Baade
    Walter Baade was a German astronomer whose work on variable stars and the structure of the Milky Way led to a major revision of the cosmic distance scale and our understanding of the universe’s size and age.
  • C. Dennis Sciama
    Dennis Sciama was a prominent British theoretical physicist and cosmologist who played a key role in developing modern cosmology and mentoring a generation of leading physicists.
  • D. Vera Rubin
    Vera Rubin was an American astronomer whose pioneering work on galaxy rotation curves provided key evidence for the existence of dark matter.
  • E. Giuseppe Cocconi
    Giuseppe Cocconi was an Italian physicist best known for co-authoring one of the first scientific proposals for the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), helping to launch the modern era of SETI research.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Fritz Zwicky
Triple: [Vera Rubin, influencedBy, Fritz Zwicky]
Generated description
Fritz Zwicky was a Swiss astronomer and physicist best known for pioneering work on dark matter, supernovae, and galaxy clusters, profoundly shaping modern astrophysics.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Fritz Zwicky
Target entity description: Fritz Zwicky was a Swiss astronomer and physicist best known for pioneering work on dark matter, supernovae, and galaxy clusters, profoundly shaping modern astrophysics.
  • A. Bruno Rossi
    Bruno Rossi was an Italian experimental physicist and pioneer in cosmic-ray and high-energy astrophysics who played a key role in early nuclear research and space science.
  • B. Walter Baade
    Walter Baade was a German astronomer whose work on variable stars and the structure of the Milky Way led to a major revision of the cosmic distance scale and our understanding of the universe’s size and age.
  • C. Dennis Sciama
    Dennis Sciama was a prominent British theoretical physicist and cosmologist who played a key role in developing modern cosmology and mentoring a generation of leading physicists.
  • D. Vera Rubin
    Vera Rubin was an American astronomer whose pioneering work on galaxy rotation curves provided key evidence for the existence of dark matter.
  • E. Giuseppe Cocconi
    Giuseppe Cocconi was an Italian physicist best known for co-authoring one of the first scientific proposals for the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), helping to launch the modern era of SETI research.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a2e7e696948190bebc966535995e45 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:04 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a2eb8312f4819084dc222e665fded3 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:20 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a3faf97ad881909de5876adb0e8d84 completed March 1, 2026, 8:38 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a3fbb1e0748190abb040da322bce23 completed March 1, 2026, 8:41 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a3fda1f4c88190ab3397b3ce54664f completed March 1, 2026, 8:49 a.m.
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 1:08 p.m.