Triple
T354319
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Vera Rubin |
E7509
|
entity |
| Predicate | influencedBy |
P9
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Fritz Zwicky
Fritz Zwicky was a Swiss astronomer and physicist best known for pioneering work on dark matter, supernovae, and galaxy clusters, profoundly shaping modern astrophysics.
|
E48364
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Fritz Zwicky | Statement: [Vera Rubin, influencedBy, Fritz Zwicky]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Fritz Zwicky Context triple: [Vera Rubin, influencedBy, Fritz Zwicky]
-
A.
Bruno Rossi
Bruno Rossi was an Italian experimental physicist and pioneer in cosmic-ray and high-energy astrophysics who played a key role in early nuclear research and space science.
-
B.
Walter Baade
Walter Baade was a German astronomer whose work on variable stars and the structure of the Milky Way led to a major revision of the cosmic distance scale and our understanding of the universe’s size and age.
-
C.
Dennis Sciama
Dennis Sciama was a prominent British theoretical physicist and cosmologist who played a key role in developing modern cosmology and mentoring a generation of leading physicists.
-
D.
Vera Rubin
Vera Rubin was an American astronomer whose pioneering work on galaxy rotation curves provided key evidence for the existence of dark matter.
-
E.
Giuseppe Cocconi
Giuseppe Cocconi was an Italian physicist best known for co-authoring one of the first scientific proposals for the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), helping to launch the modern era of SETI research.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Fritz Zwicky Triple: [Vera Rubin, influencedBy, Fritz Zwicky]
Generated description
Fritz Zwicky was a Swiss astronomer and physicist best known for pioneering work on dark matter, supernovae, and galaxy clusters, profoundly shaping modern astrophysics.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Fritz Zwicky Target entity description: Fritz Zwicky was a Swiss astronomer and physicist best known for pioneering work on dark matter, supernovae, and galaxy clusters, profoundly shaping modern astrophysics.
-
A.
Bruno Rossi
Bruno Rossi was an Italian experimental physicist and pioneer in cosmic-ray and high-energy astrophysics who played a key role in early nuclear research and space science.
-
B.
Walter Baade
Walter Baade was a German astronomer whose work on variable stars and the structure of the Milky Way led to a major revision of the cosmic distance scale and our understanding of the universe’s size and age.
-
C.
Dennis Sciama
Dennis Sciama was a prominent British theoretical physicist and cosmologist who played a key role in developing modern cosmology and mentoring a generation of leading physicists.
-
D.
Vera Rubin
Vera Rubin was an American astronomer whose pioneering work on galaxy rotation curves provided key evidence for the existence of dark matter.
-
E.
Giuseppe Cocconi
Giuseppe Cocconi was an Italian physicist best known for co-authoring one of the first scientific proposals for the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), helping to launch the modern era of SETI research.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a2e7e696948190bebc966535995e45 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 1:04 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a2eb8312f4819084dc222e665fded3 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 1:20 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69a3faf97ad881909de5876adb0e8d84 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 8:38 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69a3fbb1e0748190abb040da322bce23 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 8:41 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69a3fda1f4c88190ab3397b3ce54664f |
completed | March 1, 2026, 8:49 a.m. |
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 1:08 p.m.