Triple

T3542941
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Léon Bottou E74927 entity
Predicate hasPublication P80 FINISHED
Object “The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning”
“The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning” is a research work by Léon Bottou that analyzes how to balance computational efficiency, data scale, and statistical performance in large-scale machine learning systems.
E367294 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: “The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning” | Statement: [Léon Bottou, hasPublication, “The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning”]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: “The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning”
Context triple: [Léon Bottou, hasPublication, “The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning”]
  • A. Large-Scale Distributed Deep Networks
    Large-Scale Distributed Deep Networks is a seminal research work that introduced methods for training deep neural networks efficiently across large-scale distributed computing infrastructure, enabling breakthroughs in modern large-scale AI systems.
  • B. Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization
    "Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization" is a highly influential machine learning paper that introduces the Adam optimizer, a widely used adaptive gradient-based optimization algorithm for training deep neural networks.
  • C. “A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets”
    “A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets” is a seminal 2006 paper by Geoffrey Hinton that introduced an efficient unsupervised pretraining method for deep neural networks using stacked restricted Boltzmann machines.
  • D. Probably Approximately Correct learning (PAC learning)
    Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) learning is a foundational framework in computational learning theory that formalizes what it means for an algorithm to efficiently learn a concept from examples with high probability and small error.
  • E. Exploring the Limits of Language Modeling
    "Exploring the Limits of Language Modeling" is a research paper that investigates how far large-scale neural language models can be pushed in terms of performance, scalability, and generalization on natural language tasks.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: “The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning”
Triple: [Léon Bottou, hasPublication, “The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning”]
Generated description
“The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning” is a research work by Léon Bottou that analyzes how to balance computational efficiency, data scale, and statistical performance in large-scale machine learning systems.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: “The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning”
Target entity description: “The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning” is a research work by Léon Bottou that analyzes how to balance computational efficiency, data scale, and statistical performance in large-scale machine learning systems.
  • A. Large-Scale Distributed Deep Networks
    Large-Scale Distributed Deep Networks is a seminal research work that introduced methods for training deep neural networks efficiently across large-scale distributed computing infrastructure, enabling breakthroughs in modern large-scale AI systems.
  • B. Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization
    "Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization" is a highly influential machine learning paper that introduces the Adam optimizer, a widely used adaptive gradient-based optimization algorithm for training deep neural networks.
  • C. “A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets”
    “A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets” is a seminal 2006 paper by Geoffrey Hinton that introduced an efficient unsupervised pretraining method for deep neural networks using stacked restricted Boltzmann machines.
  • D. Probably Approximately Correct learning (PAC learning)
    Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) learning is a foundational framework in computational learning theory that formalizes what it means for an algorithm to efficiently learn a concept from examples with high probability and small error.
  • E. Exploring the Limits of Language Modeling
    "Exploring the Limits of Language Modeling" is a research paper that investigates how far large-scale neural language models can be pushed in terms of performance, scalability, and generalization on natural language tasks.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ad85d274cc8190ab59c97298a1cfbf completed March 8, 2026, 2:21 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69adbf752dd481909226044ffe595338 completed March 8, 2026, 6:27 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69b38bdd0cb4819086119b54c2708850 completed March 13, 2026, 4 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69b38cb6a2188190b68f4903144a0e51 completed March 13, 2026, 4:04 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69b39062a10c8190bc227c02cf4f3ab1 completed March 13, 2026, 4:19 a.m.
Created at: March 8, 2026, 3:20 p.m.