Triple
T3542941
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Léon Bottou |
E74927
|
entity |
| Predicate | hasPublication |
P80
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
“The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning”
“The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning” is a research work by Léon Bottou that analyzes how to balance computational efficiency, data scale, and statistical performance in large-scale machine learning systems.
|
E367294
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: “The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning” | Statement: [Léon Bottou, hasPublication, “The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning”]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: “The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning” Context triple: [Léon Bottou, hasPublication, “The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning”]
-
A.
Large-Scale Distributed Deep Networks
Large-Scale Distributed Deep Networks is a seminal research work that introduced methods for training deep neural networks efficiently across large-scale distributed computing infrastructure, enabling breakthroughs in modern large-scale AI systems.
-
B.
Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization
"Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization" is a highly influential machine learning paper that introduces the Adam optimizer, a widely used adaptive gradient-based optimization algorithm for training deep neural networks.
-
C.
“A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets”
“A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets” is a seminal 2006 paper by Geoffrey Hinton that introduced an efficient unsupervised pretraining method for deep neural networks using stacked restricted Boltzmann machines.
-
D.
Probably Approximately Correct learning (PAC learning)
Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) learning is a foundational framework in computational learning theory that formalizes what it means for an algorithm to efficiently learn a concept from examples with high probability and small error.
-
E.
Exploring the Limits of Language Modeling
"Exploring the Limits of Language Modeling" is a research paper that investigates how far large-scale neural language models can be pushed in terms of performance, scalability, and generalization on natural language tasks.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: “The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning” Triple: [Léon Bottou, hasPublication, “The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning”]
Generated description
“The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning” is a research work by Léon Bottou that analyzes how to balance computational efficiency, data scale, and statistical performance in large-scale machine learning systems.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: “The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning” Target entity description: “The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning” is a research work by Léon Bottou that analyzes how to balance computational efficiency, data scale, and statistical performance in large-scale machine learning systems.
-
A.
Large-Scale Distributed Deep Networks
Large-Scale Distributed Deep Networks is a seminal research work that introduced methods for training deep neural networks efficiently across large-scale distributed computing infrastructure, enabling breakthroughs in modern large-scale AI systems.
-
B.
Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization
"Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization" is a highly influential machine learning paper that introduces the Adam optimizer, a widely used adaptive gradient-based optimization algorithm for training deep neural networks.
-
C.
“A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets”
“A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets” is a seminal 2006 paper by Geoffrey Hinton that introduced an efficient unsupervised pretraining method for deep neural networks using stacked restricted Boltzmann machines.
-
D.
Probably Approximately Correct learning (PAC learning)
Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) learning is a foundational framework in computational learning theory that formalizes what it means for an algorithm to efficiently learn a concept from examples with high probability and small error.
-
E.
Exploring the Limits of Language Modeling
"Exploring the Limits of Language Modeling" is a research paper that investigates how far large-scale neural language models can be pushed in terms of performance, scalability, and generalization on natural language tasks.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ad85d274cc8190ab59c97298a1cfbf |
completed | March 8, 2026, 2:21 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69adbf752dd481909226044ffe595338 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 6:27 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69b38bdd0cb4819086119b54c2708850 |
completed | March 13, 2026, 4 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69b38cb6a2188190b68f4903144a0e51 |
completed | March 13, 2026, 4:04 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69b39062a10c8190bc227c02cf4f3ab1 |
completed | March 13, 2026, 4:19 a.m. |
Created at: March 8, 2026, 3:20 p.m.