Triple
T3542940
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Léon Bottou |
E74927
|
entity |
| Predicate | hasPublication |
P80
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
“Counterfactual Reasoning and Learning Systems”
“Counterfactual Reasoning and Learning Systems” is a research work by Léon Bottou that explores how to use counterfactual inference to design and analyze machine learning systems, particularly in interactive and decision-making settings.
|
E367293
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: “Counterfactual Reasoning and Learning Systems” | Statement: [Léon Bottou, hasPublication, “Counterfactual Reasoning and Learning Systems”]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: “Counterfactual Reasoning and Learning Systems” Context triple: [Léon Bottou, hasPublication, “Counterfactual Reasoning and Learning Systems”]
-
A.
Soar cognitive architecture
The Soar cognitive architecture is a general-purpose framework for modeling and understanding human cognition through unified theories of problem solving, learning, and decision-making.
-
B.
Cambrian intelligence: The early history of the new AI
Cambrian Intelligence: The Early History of the New AI is a book by roboticist Rodney Brooks that outlines his influential behavior-based approach to artificial intelligence and robotics in contrast to traditional symbolic AI.
-
C.
Experience and Prediction
Experience and Prediction is a seminal philosophical work by Hans Reichenbach that develops a logical and probabilistic foundation for scientific knowledge and induction within the framework of logical empiricism.
-
D.
Temporal Logic of Actions
Temporal Logic of Actions is a formal framework for specifying and reasoning about concurrent and distributed systems using temporal logic to describe system behaviors over time.
-
E.
new riddle of induction
The new riddle of induction is Nelson Goodman’s influential philosophical problem that challenges traditional accounts of inductive reasoning by introducing the notion of “grue” and questioning how we justify projecting certain predicates into the future.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: “Counterfactual Reasoning and Learning Systems” Triple: [Léon Bottou, hasPublication, “Counterfactual Reasoning and Learning Systems”]
Generated description
“Counterfactual Reasoning and Learning Systems” is a research work by Léon Bottou that explores how to use counterfactual inference to design and analyze machine learning systems, particularly in interactive and decision-making settings.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: “Counterfactual Reasoning and Learning Systems” Target entity description: “Counterfactual Reasoning and Learning Systems” is a research work by Léon Bottou that explores how to use counterfactual inference to design and analyze machine learning systems, particularly in interactive and decision-making settings.
-
A.
Soar cognitive architecture
The Soar cognitive architecture is a general-purpose framework for modeling and understanding human cognition through unified theories of problem solving, learning, and decision-making.
-
B.
Cambrian intelligence: The early history of the new AI
Cambrian Intelligence: The Early History of the New AI is a book by roboticist Rodney Brooks that outlines his influential behavior-based approach to artificial intelligence and robotics in contrast to traditional symbolic AI.
-
C.
Experience and Prediction
Experience and Prediction is a seminal philosophical work by Hans Reichenbach that develops a logical and probabilistic foundation for scientific knowledge and induction within the framework of logical empiricism.
-
D.
Temporal Logic of Actions
Temporal Logic of Actions is a formal framework for specifying and reasoning about concurrent and distributed systems using temporal logic to describe system behaviors over time.
-
E.
new riddle of induction
The new riddle of induction is Nelson Goodman’s influential philosophical problem that challenges traditional accounts of inductive reasoning by introducing the notion of “grue” and questioning how we justify projecting certain predicates into the future.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ad85d274cc8190ab59c97298a1cfbf |
completed | March 8, 2026, 2:21 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69adbf752dd481909226044ffe595338 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 6:27 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69b38bdd0cb4819086119b54c2708850 |
completed | March 13, 2026, 4 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69b38cb6a2188190b68f4903144a0e51 |
completed | March 13, 2026, 4:04 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69b39062a10c8190bc227c02cf4f3ab1 |
completed | March 13, 2026, 4:19 a.m. |
Created at: March 8, 2026, 3:20 p.m.