Triple

T3542938
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Léon Bottou E74927 entity
Predicate hasPublication P80 FINISHED
Object “Large-Scale Machine Learning with Stochastic Gradient Descent”
“Large-Scale Machine Learning with Stochastic Gradient Descent” is a widely cited work by Léon Bottou that analyzes and advocates stochastic gradient descent as an efficient optimization method for large-scale machine learning problems.
E370247 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: “Large-Scale Machine Learning with Stochastic Gradient Descent” | Statement: [Léon Bottou, hasPublication, “Large-Scale Machine Learning with Stochastic Gradient Descent”]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: “Large-Scale Machine Learning with Stochastic Gradient Descent”
Context triple: [Léon Bottou, hasPublication, “Large-Scale Machine Learning with Stochastic Gradient Descent”]
  • A. “Stochastic Gradient Descent Tricks”
    “Stochastic Gradient Descent Tricks” is a well-known paper by Léon Bottou that surveys practical techniques and heuristics for effectively applying stochastic gradient descent in machine learning.
  • B. Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization
    "Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization" is a highly influential machine learning paper that introduces the Adam optimizer, a widely used adaptive gradient-based optimization algorithm for training deep neural networks.
  • C. Large-Scale Distributed Deep Networks
    Large-Scale Distributed Deep Networks is a seminal research work that introduced methods for training deep neural networks efficiently across large-scale distributed computing infrastructure, enabling breakthroughs in modern large-scale AI systems.
  • D. “The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning”
    “The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning” is a research work by Léon Bottou that analyzes how to balance computational efficiency, data scale, and statistical performance in large-scale machine learning systems.
  • E. “A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets”
    “A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets” is a seminal 2006 paper by Geoffrey Hinton that introduced an efficient unsupervised pretraining method for deep neural networks using stacked restricted Boltzmann machines.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: “Large-Scale Machine Learning with Stochastic Gradient Descent”
Triple: [Léon Bottou, hasPublication, “Large-Scale Machine Learning with Stochastic Gradient Descent”]
Generated description
“Large-Scale Machine Learning with Stochastic Gradient Descent” is a widely cited work by Léon Bottou that analyzes and advocates stochastic gradient descent as an efficient optimization method for large-scale machine learning problems.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: “Large-Scale Machine Learning with Stochastic Gradient Descent”
Target entity description: “Large-Scale Machine Learning with Stochastic Gradient Descent” is a widely cited work by Léon Bottou that analyzes and advocates stochastic gradient descent as an efficient optimization method for large-scale machine learning problems.
  • A. “Stochastic Gradient Descent Tricks”
    “Stochastic Gradient Descent Tricks” is a well-known paper by Léon Bottou that surveys practical techniques and heuristics for effectively applying stochastic gradient descent in machine learning.
  • B. Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization
    "Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization" is a highly influential machine learning paper that introduces the Adam optimizer, a widely used adaptive gradient-based optimization algorithm for training deep neural networks.
  • C. Large-Scale Distributed Deep Networks
    Large-Scale Distributed Deep Networks is a seminal research work that introduced methods for training deep neural networks efficiently across large-scale distributed computing infrastructure, enabling breakthroughs in modern large-scale AI systems.
  • D. “The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning”
    “The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning” is a research work by Léon Bottou that analyzes how to balance computational efficiency, data scale, and statistical performance in large-scale machine learning systems.
  • E. “A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets”
    “A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets” is a seminal 2006 paper by Geoffrey Hinton that introduced an efficient unsupervised pretraining method for deep neural networks using stacked restricted Boltzmann machines.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ad85d274cc8190ab59c97298a1cfbf completed March 8, 2026, 2:21 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69adbf752dd481909226044ffe595338 completed March 8, 2026, 6:27 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69b3bb8ec8948190a0ae799ad20f42b3 completed March 13, 2026, 7:23 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69b3bd2c58188190ae822c2334e7d123 completed March 13, 2026, 7:30 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69b3f85388c8819080c3cf149314b2ea completed March 13, 2026, 11:43 a.m.
Created at: March 8, 2026, 3:20 p.m.