Triple

T352516
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Columbia Law School E7471 entity
Predicate notableFaculty P141 FINISHED
Object George A. Bermann
George A. Bermann is a prominent American legal scholar and expert in international and comparative law, particularly known for his work in international arbitration.
E210946 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: George A. Bermann | Statement: [Columbia Law School, notableFaculty, George A. Bermann]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: George A. Bermann
Context triple: [Columbia Law School, notableFaculty, George A. Bermann]
  • A. Charles F. Roos
    Charles F. Roos was an American economist and mathematician known for his pioneering work in econometrics and contributions to the formalization of economic theory.
  • B. George L. Dahl
    George L. Dahl was a prominent 20th-century American architect known for shaping much of Dallas’s skyline and major civic landmarks.
  • C. Philip M. Kaiser
    Philip M. Kaiser was an American diplomat and public servant who held several key ambassadorial posts during the Cold War era.
  • D. Alan M. Garber
    Alan M. Garber is an American physician-economist and academic leader known for his work in health policy and for serving in top administrative roles at Harvard University.
  • E. Herbert L. Anderson
    Herbert L. Anderson was an American experimental physicist who played a crucial role in the development of the first nuclear chain reaction and early atomic research during the Manhattan Project.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: George A. Bermann
Triple: [Columbia Law School, notableFaculty, George A. Bermann]
Generated description
George A. Bermann is a prominent American legal scholar and expert in international and comparative law, particularly known for his work in international arbitration.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: George A. Bermann
Target entity description: George A. Bermann is a prominent American legal scholar and expert in international and comparative law, particularly known for his work in international arbitration.
  • A. Charles F. Roos
    Charles F. Roos was an American economist and mathematician known for his pioneering work in econometrics and contributions to the formalization of economic theory.
  • B. George L. Dahl
    George L. Dahl was a prominent 20th-century American architect known for shaping much of Dallas’s skyline and major civic landmarks.
  • C. Philip M. Kaiser
    Philip M. Kaiser was an American diplomat and public servant who held several key ambassadorial posts during the Cold War era.
  • D. Alan M. Garber
    Alan M. Garber is an American physician-economist and academic leader known for his work in health policy and for serving in top administrative roles at Harvard University.
  • E. Herbert L. Anderson
    Herbert L. Anderson was an American experimental physicist who played a crucial role in the development of the first nuclear chain reaction and early atomic research during the Manhattan Project.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a2e7e696948190bebc966535995e45 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:04 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a2eb7f1be88190964ddcbb6a05f021 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:19 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69adeaaaad508190992c7b50e9397450 completed March 8, 2026, 9:31 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69adeb1ee4648190afd50782988b115c completed March 8, 2026, 9:33 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69adeb9f28dc8190a0493a72153c60e6 completed March 8, 2026, 9:35 p.m.
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 1:08 p.m.