Triple
T3340812
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution |
E70254
|
entity |
| Predicate | relatedCourtCase |
P3137
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.
Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co. is a 1916 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the federal income tax and clarified the scope and constitutionality of the Sixteenth Amendment.
|
E349807
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co. | Statement: [Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, relatedCourtCase, Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co. Context triple: [Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, relatedCourtCase, Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.]
-
A.
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. v. Chicago
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. v. Chicago is an 1897 U.S. Supreme Court case that marked a key step in applying federal constitutional protections—particularly just compensation for takings—to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.
-
B.
Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co.
Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co. is a landmark 1928 New York Court of Appeals case, authored by Judge Benjamin Cardozo, that established the modern American doctrine of proximate cause and foreseeability in negligence law.
-
C.
United States v. Darby
United States v. Darby is a 1941 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld federal labor regulations under the Commerce Clause and marked a broad expansion of federal power over economic activity.
-
D.
West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish
West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish is a 1937 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld minimum wage laws and effectively ended the Lochner era by allowing greater government regulation of economic conditions.
-
E.
California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited
California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited is a 1972 U.S. Supreme Court case that addressed the limits of First Amendment petitioning rights when parties allegedly use governmental and judicial processes as part of an anticompetitive scheme in violation of antitrust laws.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co. Triple: [Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, relatedCourtCase, Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.]
Generated description
Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co. is a 1916 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the federal income tax and clarified the scope and constitutionality of the Sixteenth Amendment.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co. Target entity description: Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co. is a 1916 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the federal income tax and clarified the scope and constitutionality of the Sixteenth Amendment.
-
A.
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. v. Chicago
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. v. Chicago is an 1897 U.S. Supreme Court case that marked a key step in applying federal constitutional protections—particularly just compensation for takings—to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.
-
B.
Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co.
Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co. is a landmark 1928 New York Court of Appeals case, authored by Judge Benjamin Cardozo, that established the modern American doctrine of proximate cause and foreseeability in negligence law.
-
C.
United States v. Darby
United States v. Darby is a 1941 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld federal labor regulations under the Commerce Clause and marked a broad expansion of federal power over economic activity.
-
D.
West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish
West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish is a 1937 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld minimum wage laws and effectively ended the Lochner era by allowing greater government regulation of economic conditions.
-
E.
California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited
California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited is a 1972 U.S. Supreme Court case that addressed the limits of First Amendment petitioning rights when parties allegedly use governmental and judicial processes as part of an anticompetitive scheme in violation of antitrust laws.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ad85a405e48190b6e68de7cf9f319e |
completed | March 8, 2026, 2:20 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69adb1c0ae44819091c851569eaf4565 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 5:28 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69b31a92555c81909a4769b6ecea5721 |
completed | March 12, 2026, 7:57 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69b31c3aaba48190b203e344d71080f3 |
completed | March 12, 2026, 8:04 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69b31da28a04819096e7ced5f123592a |
completed | March 12, 2026, 8:10 p.m. |
Created at: March 8, 2026, 3:12 p.m.