Triple

T3340812
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution E70254 entity
Predicate relatedCourtCase P3137 FINISHED
Object Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.
Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co. is a 1916 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the federal income tax and clarified the scope and constitutionality of the Sixteenth Amendment.
E349807 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co. | Statement: [Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, relatedCourtCase, Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.
Context triple: [Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, relatedCourtCase, Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.]
  • A. Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. v. Chicago
    Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. v. Chicago is an 1897 U.S. Supreme Court case that marked a key step in applying federal constitutional protections—particularly just compensation for takings—to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.
  • B. Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co.
    Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co. is a landmark 1928 New York Court of Appeals case, authored by Judge Benjamin Cardozo, that established the modern American doctrine of proximate cause and foreseeability in negligence law.
  • C. United States v. Darby
    United States v. Darby is a 1941 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld federal labor regulations under the Commerce Clause and marked a broad expansion of federal power over economic activity.
  • D. West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish
    West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish is a 1937 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld minimum wage laws and effectively ended the Lochner era by allowing greater government regulation of economic conditions.
  • E. California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited
    California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited is a 1972 U.S. Supreme Court case that addressed the limits of First Amendment petitioning rights when parties allegedly use governmental and judicial processes as part of an anticompetitive scheme in violation of antitrust laws.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.
Triple: [Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, relatedCourtCase, Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.]
Generated description
Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co. is a 1916 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the federal income tax and clarified the scope and constitutionality of the Sixteenth Amendment.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.
Target entity description: Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co. is a 1916 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the federal income tax and clarified the scope and constitutionality of the Sixteenth Amendment.
  • A. Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. v. Chicago
    Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. v. Chicago is an 1897 U.S. Supreme Court case that marked a key step in applying federal constitutional protections—particularly just compensation for takings—to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.
  • B. Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co.
    Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co. is a landmark 1928 New York Court of Appeals case, authored by Judge Benjamin Cardozo, that established the modern American doctrine of proximate cause and foreseeability in negligence law.
  • C. United States v. Darby
    United States v. Darby is a 1941 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld federal labor regulations under the Commerce Clause and marked a broad expansion of federal power over economic activity.
  • D. West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish
    West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish is a 1937 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld minimum wage laws and effectively ended the Lochner era by allowing greater government regulation of economic conditions.
  • E. California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited
    California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited is a 1972 U.S. Supreme Court case that addressed the limits of First Amendment petitioning rights when parties allegedly use governmental and judicial processes as part of an anticompetitive scheme in violation of antitrust laws.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ad85a405e48190b6e68de7cf9f319e completed March 8, 2026, 2:20 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69adb1c0ae44819091c851569eaf4565 completed March 8, 2026, 5:28 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69b31a92555c81909a4769b6ecea5721 completed March 12, 2026, 7:57 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69b31c3aaba48190b203e344d71080f3 completed March 12, 2026, 8:04 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69b31da28a04819096e7ced5f123592a completed March 12, 2026, 8:10 p.m.
Created at: March 8, 2026, 3:12 p.m.