Triple
T3340811
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution |
E70254
|
entity |
| Predicate | relatedCourtCase |
P3137
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. was an 1895 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down a federal income tax as unconstitutional, prompting the later adoption of the Sixteenth Amendment to authorize such taxes.
|
E349806
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. | Statement: [Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, relatedCourtCase, Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. Context triple: [Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, relatedCourtCase, Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.]
-
A.
Northern Securities Co. v. United States
Northern Securities Co. v. United States was a landmark 1904 U.S. Supreme Court antitrust case that broke up a major railroad holding company and strengthened federal power to regulate monopolies under the Sherman Act.
-
B.
Learned Hand
Learned Hand was a highly influential American federal judge renowned for his incisive opinions on constitutional and tax law and his lasting impact on U.S. jurisprudence.
-
C.
The Prize Cases
The Prize Cases were a landmark 1863 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld President Abraham Lincoln’s authority to blockade Confederate ports without a formal declaration of war, expanding the scope of executive war powers.
-
D.
In re Debs Supreme Court case
In re Debs was an 1895 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the federal government’s authority to use injunctions and troops to end the Pullman Strike, significantly expanding federal power over labor disputes and interstate commerce.
-
E.
Lochner v. New York
Lochner v. New York is a landmark 1905 U.S. Supreme Court decision that struck down a state labor regulation and became emblematic of the era in which the Court used substantive due process to protect economic liberty and limit government regulation of business.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. Triple: [Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, relatedCourtCase, Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.]
Generated description
Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. was an 1895 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down a federal income tax as unconstitutional, prompting the later adoption of the Sixteenth Amendment to authorize such taxes.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. Target entity description: Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. was an 1895 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down a federal income tax as unconstitutional, prompting the later adoption of the Sixteenth Amendment to authorize such taxes.
-
A.
Northern Securities Co. v. United States
Northern Securities Co. v. United States was a landmark 1904 U.S. Supreme Court antitrust case that broke up a major railroad holding company and strengthened federal power to regulate monopolies under the Sherman Act.
-
B.
Learned Hand
Learned Hand was a highly influential American federal judge renowned for his incisive opinions on constitutional and tax law and his lasting impact on U.S. jurisprudence.
-
C.
The Prize Cases
The Prize Cases were a landmark 1863 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld President Abraham Lincoln’s authority to blockade Confederate ports without a formal declaration of war, expanding the scope of executive war powers.
-
D.
In re Debs Supreme Court case
In re Debs was an 1895 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the federal government’s authority to use injunctions and troops to end the Pullman Strike, significantly expanding federal power over labor disputes and interstate commerce.
-
E.
Lochner v. New York
Lochner v. New York is a landmark 1905 U.S. Supreme Court decision that struck down a state labor regulation and became emblematic of the era in which the Court used substantive due process to protect economic liberty and limit government regulation of business.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ad85a405e48190b6e68de7cf9f319e |
completed | March 8, 2026, 2:20 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69adb1c0ae44819091c851569eaf4565 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 5:28 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69b31a92555c81909a4769b6ecea5721 |
completed | March 12, 2026, 7:57 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69b31c3aaba48190b203e344d71080f3 |
completed | March 12, 2026, 8:04 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69b31da28a04819096e7ced5f123592a |
completed | March 12, 2026, 8:10 p.m. |
Created at: March 8, 2026, 3:12 p.m.