Triple

T3333500
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Imre Lakatos E70085 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Proofs and Refutations
Proofs and Refutations is a seminal work in the philosophy of mathematics that explores how mathematical knowledge develops through a dialectical process of conjectures, criticisms, and revisions.
E349460 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Proofs and Refutations | Statement: [Imre Lakatos, notableWork, Proofs and Refutations]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Proofs and Refutations
Context triple: [Imre Lakatos, notableWork, Proofs and Refutations]
  • A. Conjectures and Refutations
    Conjectures and Refutations is a major philosophical work by Karl Popper that develops his theory of scientific knowledge through the ideas of falsifiability, critical testing, and the growth of knowledge via bold hypotheses and their refutation.
  • B. Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics
    Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics is a posthumously published collection of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s later writings that critically examines the nature of mathematical truth, proof, and practice from a philosophical and language-centered perspective.
  • C. From a Logical Point of View
    From a Logical Point of View is a landmark collection of philosophical essays by W.V.O. Quine that helped reshape analytic philosophy, especially through its critique of the analytic–synthetic distinction and its naturalized approach to epistemology.
  • D. Hilbert’s program
    Hilbert’s program was an influential early-20th-century initiative in the foundations of mathematics that sought to formalize all of mathematics and prove its consistency using finitistic methods.
  • E. Lectures on the Logic of Arithmetic
    Lectures on the Logic of Arithmetic is an educational work by Mary Everest Boole that explores the foundations and teaching of arithmetic through logical and psychological principles.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Proofs and Refutations
Triple: [Imre Lakatos, notableWork, Proofs and Refutations]
Generated description
Proofs and Refutations is a seminal work in the philosophy of mathematics that explores how mathematical knowledge develops through a dialectical process of conjectures, criticisms, and revisions.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Proofs and Refutations
Target entity description: Proofs and Refutations is a seminal work in the philosophy of mathematics that explores how mathematical knowledge develops through a dialectical process of conjectures, criticisms, and revisions.
  • A. Conjectures and Refutations
    Conjectures and Refutations is a major philosophical work by Karl Popper that develops his theory of scientific knowledge through the ideas of falsifiability, critical testing, and the growth of knowledge via bold hypotheses and their refutation.
  • B. Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics
    Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics is a posthumously published collection of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s later writings that critically examines the nature of mathematical truth, proof, and practice from a philosophical and language-centered perspective.
  • C. From a Logical Point of View
    From a Logical Point of View is a landmark collection of philosophical essays by W.V.O. Quine that helped reshape analytic philosophy, especially through its critique of the analytic–synthetic distinction and its naturalized approach to epistemology.
  • D. Hilbert’s program
    Hilbert’s program was an influential early-20th-century initiative in the foundations of mathematics that sought to formalize all of mathematics and prove its consistency using finitistic methods.
  • E. Lectures on the Logic of Arithmetic
    Lectures on the Logic of Arithmetic is an educational work by Mary Everest Boole that explores the foundations and teaching of arithmetic through logical and psychological principles.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ad85a24f208190bcf83131bfed3521 completed March 8, 2026, 2:20 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69adb194960081909333c855f06d8b03 completed March 8, 2026, 5:27 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69b31a867cac81909ddde955c1752ab8 completed March 12, 2026, 7:56 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69b31c393f20819098d5761372d6a980 completed March 12, 2026, 8:04 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69b3206be2748190874560701dc1ed18 completed March 12, 2026, 8:22 p.m.
Created at: March 8, 2026, 3:12 p.m.