Triple
T33107
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Commerce Clause |
E660
|
entity |
| Predicate | limitedByCase |
P99
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
United States v. Lopez
United States v. Lopez is a 1995 U.S. Supreme Court case that marked the first time in decades the Court struck down a federal law for exceeding Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause, signaling a revival of limits on federal regulatory authority.
|
E7030
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (5 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: United States v. Lopez | Statement: [Commerce Clause, limitedByCase, United States v. Lopez]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: United States v. Lopez Context triple: [Commerce Clause, limitedByCase, United States v. Lopez]
-
A.
Arizona v. United States
Arizona v. United States is a 2012 U.S. Supreme Court case that limited state authority over immigration enforcement by affirming broad federal power in this area.
-
B.
McCulloch v. Maryland
McCulloch v. Maryland is an 1819 U.S. Supreme Court case that affirmed federal supremacy over the states and upheld the implied powers of Congress under the Constitution.
-
C.
Wickard v. Filburn
Wickard v. Filburn is a landmark 1942 U.S. Supreme Court case that dramatically expanded federal regulatory power by holding that even purely local, non-commercial activity could be regulated under the Commerce Clause if it had a substantial effect on interstate commerce.
-
D.
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization is the 2022 U.S. Supreme Court decision that overturned Roe v. Wade and ended the federal constitutional right to abortion.
-
E.
Reynolds v. United States
Reynolds v. United States is an 1879 U.S. Supreme Court case that established the distinction between protected religious belief and regulable religiously motivated conduct, holding that the Free Exercise Clause does not excuse individuals from compliance with otherwise valid criminal laws such as those banning polygamy.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: United States v. Lopez Triple: [Commerce Clause, limitedByCase, United States v. Lopez]
Generated description
United States v. Lopez is a 1995 U.S. Supreme Court case that marked the first time in decades the Court struck down a federal law for exceeding Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause, signaling a revival of limits on federal regulatory authority.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: United States v. Lopez Target entity description: United States v. Lopez is a 1995 U.S. Supreme Court case that marked the first time in decades the Court struck down a federal law for exceeding Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause, signaling a revival of limits on federal regulatory authority.
-
A.
Arizona v. United States
Arizona v. United States is a 2012 U.S. Supreme Court case that limited state authority over immigration enforcement by affirming broad federal power in this area.
-
B.
McCulloch v. Maryland
McCulloch v. Maryland is an 1819 U.S. Supreme Court case that affirmed federal supremacy over the states and upheld the implied powers of Congress under the Constitution.
-
C.
Chiafalo v. Washington
Chiafalo v. Washington is a 2020 U.S. Supreme Court case that unanimously upheld states’ authority to penalize or replace “faithless electors” who do not vote in line with their state’s popular vote in presidential elections.
-
D.
Wickard v. Filburn
Wickard v. Filburn is a landmark 1942 U.S. Supreme Court case that dramatically expanded federal regulatory power by holding that even purely local, non-commercial activity could be regulated under the Commerce Clause if it had a substantial effect on interstate commerce.
-
E.
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization is the 2022 U.S. Supreme Court decision that overturned Roe v. Wade and ended the federal constitutional right to abortion.
- F. None of above. chosen
PD
Predicate disambiguation
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: limitedByCase Context triple: [Commerce Clause, limitedByCase, United States v. Lopez]
-
A.
hasLimitation
chosen
Indicates that an entity is subject to a constraint, restriction, or boundary that limits its scope, capability, or applicability.
-
B.
hasJurisdictionOver
Indicates that one authority or governing body holds legal power or control to make and enforce decisions over another entity, area, or matter.
-
C.
limitsOffice
Indicates that one entity imposes a restriction or cap on the scope, duration, or powers of another entity’s office or official position.
-
D.
isSubjectTo
Indicates that one entity is governed, affected, or constrained by the authority, rules, conditions, or influence of another entity.
-
E.
restriction
Indicates a limiting condition or rule that constrains or controls what an entity can do, use, or access in relation to another entity or context.
- F. None of above.
Provenance (6 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a2479dec388190967ba648663442c9 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 1:40 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a2496ffc548190b545f998cbebd5b9 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 1:48 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69a25ab0fb1c8190a7e8f31bf4d56eaf |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 3:02 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69a25ce7c718819096a51f15d7c6acee |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 3:11 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69a25daa5c188190b95c031dd646b704 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 3:14 a.m. |
| PD | Predicate disambiguation | batch_69a248717f5081909952a8c9ed1e1742 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 1:44 a.m. |
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 1:44 a.m.