Triple

T3150758
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Robert A. Millikan E65870 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Electrons (+ and −) and Their Applications
"Electrons (+ and −) and Their Applications" is a scientific work by physicist Robert A. Millikan that explores the properties, behavior, and technological uses of electrons and related electrical phenomena.
E331184 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Electrons (+ and −) and Their Applications | Statement: [Robert A. Millikan, notableWork, Electrons (+ and −) and Their Applications]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Electrons (+ and −) and Their Applications
Context triple: [Robert A. Millikan, notableWork, Electrons (+ and −) and Their Applications]
  • A. Rays of Positive Electricity and Their Application to Chemical Analyses
    "Rays of Positive Electricity and Their Application to Chemical Analyses" is a landmark 1913 book by physicist J. J. Thomson that laid foundational work for mass spectrometry by exploring positive ion beams and their use in chemical analysis.
  • B. Theory and Design of Electron Beams
    Theory and Design of Electron Beams is a foundational technical book by John R. Pierce that systematically explains the physics, analysis, and engineering of electron beam devices such as vacuum tubes and related electronics.
  • C. Experimental Researches in Electricity
    Experimental Researches in Electricity is Michael Faraday’s landmark series of scientific papers detailing his foundational experiments and discoveries in electromagnetism and electrochemistry.
  • D. Conduction of Electricity through Gases
    "Conduction of Electricity through Gases" is a seminal scientific work by J. J. Thomson that systematically explores how electric currents pass through ionized gases, helping to establish the foundations of modern atomic and plasma physics.
  • E. The Development of Nuclear Physics
    "The Development of Nuclear Physics" is a historical and technical survey by physicist Rudolf Peierls that traces the emergence and maturation of nuclear physics as a scientific discipline.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Electrons (+ and −) and Their Applications
Triple: [Robert A. Millikan, notableWork, Electrons (+ and −) and Their Applications]
Generated description
"Electrons (+ and −) and Their Applications" is a scientific work by physicist Robert A. Millikan that explores the properties, behavior, and technological uses of electrons and related electrical phenomena.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Electrons (+ and −) and Their Applications
Target entity description: "Electrons (+ and −) and Their Applications" is a scientific work by physicist Robert A. Millikan that explores the properties, behavior, and technological uses of electrons and related electrical phenomena.
  • A. Rays of Positive Electricity and Their Application to Chemical Analyses
    "Rays of Positive Electricity and Their Application to Chemical Analyses" is a landmark 1913 book by physicist J. J. Thomson that laid foundational work for mass spectrometry by exploring positive ion beams and their use in chemical analysis.
  • B. Theory and Design of Electron Beams
    Theory and Design of Electron Beams is a foundational technical book by John R. Pierce that systematically explains the physics, analysis, and engineering of electron beam devices such as vacuum tubes and related electronics.
  • C. Experimental Researches in Electricity
    Experimental Researches in Electricity is Michael Faraday’s landmark series of scientific papers detailing his foundational experiments and discoveries in electromagnetism and electrochemistry.
  • D. Conduction of Electricity through Gases
    "Conduction of Electricity through Gases" is a seminal scientific work by J. J. Thomson that systematically explores how electric currents pass through ionized gases, helping to establish the foundations of modern atomic and plasma physics.
  • E. The Development of Nuclear Physics
    "The Development of Nuclear Physics" is a historical and technical survey by physicist Rudolf Peierls that traces the emergence and maturation of nuclear physics as a scientific discipline.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ad8584485081909ed529e890cadc4a completed March 8, 2026, 2:19 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69ada5c145248190843ff3b1701074a1 completed March 8, 2026, 4:37 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69b224fd22ac81909867d0cc150986a5 completed March 12, 2026, 2:29 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69b225896c4c81909e875a2d357e7bc5 completed March 12, 2026, 2:31 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69b225fef06081908dcd8201def1ad95 completed March 12, 2026, 2:33 a.m.
Created at: March 8, 2026, 3:05 p.m.